Nothing Is Secret

Windows进程CPU、内存等资源限制

Windows自身没有提供类似Linux cgroup的能力来限制进程或进程组的资源占用，进程CPU/IO/内存/网络等资源的控制只能由自己实现。目前已有第三方的实现，主要是限制进程CPU的占用，如文档 < 21 Best Ways to Limit the CPU Usage of a Process > 所描述的BES，Process Tamer等软件。自Windows 8及Server 2012开始Windows系统有提供以job为单位的CPU占用及内存上限设置，之前的版本则只能以进程或线程为单位进行限制。

进程CPU占用限制方案

即时轮询系统所有进程(线程)的CPU占用，当发现所设定进程有超标时强制暂停进程所有线程的执行，然后在适当的时机再恢复执行。其中所涉及技术点：

进程CPU占用查询 GetProcessTimes

BOOL GetProcessTimes(
  [in]  HANDLE     hProcess,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpExitTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpUserTime
);

此函数可以获取进程从创建至当前的总运行时间及总的CPU时间，(KernelTime + UserTime) < 系统CPU数 * (当前时间 - CreationTime)

线程CPU占用查询 GetThreadTimes

BOOL GetThreadTimes(
  [in]  HANDLE     hThread,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpExitTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpUserTime
);

QueryThreadCycleTime可以提供更精准的CPU时间数据，单位为CPU时钟周期

BOOL QueryThreadCycleTime(
  [in]  HANDLE   ThreadHandle,
  [out] PULONG64 CycleTime
);

线程暂停及恢复

Windows平台没有提供暂停整个进程的支持函数，只能以线程为单位来操作，即SuspendThread及ResumeThread:

DWORD SuspendThread(
  [in] HANDLE hThread
);
DWORD ResumeThread(
  [in] HANDLE hThread
);

CPU亲和性设置: SetProcessAffinityMask

BOOL SetProcessAffinityMask(
  [in] HANDLE    hProcess,
  [in] DWORD_PTR dwProcessAffinityMask
);

此函数可以限定进程及其所有线程所能使用的CPU，故一定程序上亦限定了进程最大的系统CPU占用率。

DWORD_PTR SetThreadAffinityMask(
  [in] HANDLE    hThread,
  [in] DWORD_PTR dwThreadAffinityMask
);

此函数可单独限制特定线程的CPU亲和性。

进程优先级设置: SetPriorityClass

优先级解决的是优先运行及退让CPU的问题，本质上并不能限定CPU占用，只是优先级高于当前任务的忙碌的时候，当前进程会主动退让CPU 线程优先级设置：SetThreadPriority

BOOL SetThreadPriority(
  [in] HANDLE hThread,
  [in] int    nPriority
);

Job Objects

Windows系统提供了Job的概念用以管理多个进程，可以限制Job对象内所有进程及期线程的CPU核心占用、CPU占用及内存分配上限等，均通过SetInformationJobObject来实现，具体的CPU限制由JOBOBJECT_CPU_RATE_CONTROL_INFORMATION管理，内存限制则由JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION来管理。

BOOL SetInformationJobObject(
  [in] HANDLE             hJob,
  [in] JOBOBJECTINFOCLASS JobObjectInformationClass,
  [in] LPVOID             lpJobObjectInformation,
  [in] DWORD              cbJobObjectInformationLength
);

需要注意的是CPU占用设置只有Windows 8及Server 2012之后的版本有效。

CPU Sets

此部分只限定了CPU Affinity属性

实验验证

可以直接利用开源项目go-winjob验证，验证系统Windows 8 x64，go-winjob git repo: https://github.com/kolesnikovae/go-winjob

验证程序

#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        unsigned long total = 0, count = 0, i = 0;

        while (1) {
                if (malloc(1024)) {
                        total += 1024;
                        count++;
                }
                if (!(++i &amp; 4095))
                        printf(&quot;alloc: %u size: %u bytes\n&quot;, count, total);
    }
}

无限制

在无限制的情况下，此进程会占满一个CPU核心，commit内存总占用达2G CPUStress unlimited

单一进程

在设定CPU上限16%及内存16M上限之后，结果如下： CPUStress single process examples/job_object.go按如下修改：

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),        // 16%
        winjob.WithProcessMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

const defaultCommand = &quot;.\\CPUStress.exe&quot;

多进程(双进程)

将winjob.WithProcessMemoryLimit 改为 winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit，后者表示此job内所有进程要占用的总内存限制：

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),    // 16%
        winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

验证结果如下： CPUStress 2-processes CPUStress 2-processes

winjob example代码：

// +build windows

package main

import (
        &quot;encoding/json&quot;
        &quot;log&quot;
        &quot;os&quot;
        &quot;os/exec&quot;
        &quot;os/signal&quot;
        &quot;time&quot;

        &quot;golang.org/x/sys/windows&quot;

        &quot;github.com/kolesnikovae/go-winjob&quot;
)

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),    // 16%
        winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

const defaultCommand = &quot;.\\CPUStress.exe&quot;
const stressCommand  = &quot;.\\CPUStressX64.exe&quot;

func main() {
        job, err := winjob.Create(&quot;&quot;, limits...)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Create: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        cmd := exec.Command(defaultCommand)
        cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
        cmd.SysProcAttr = &amp;windows.SysProcAttr{
                CreationFlags: windows.CREATE_SUSPENDED,
        }
        if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Start: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        stress := exec.Command(stressCommand)
        stress.Stderr = os.Stderr
        stress.SysProcAttr = &amp;windows.SysProcAttr{
                CreationFlags: windows.CREATE_SUSPENDED,
        }
        if err := stress.Start(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Start: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        s := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
        signal.Notify(s, os.Interrupt)

        c := make(chan winjob.Notification)
        subscription, err := winjob.Notify(c, job)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Notify: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        done := make(chan struct{})
        go func() {
                defer close(done)
                ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second * 5)
                defer ticker.Stop()
                var counters winjob.Counters
                for {
                        select {
                        case &lt;-s:
                                log.Println(&quot;Closing job object&quot;)
                                if err := job.Close(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                log.Println(&quot;Closing subscription&quot;)
                                if err := subscription.Close(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                return

                        case n, ok := &lt;-c:
                                if ok {
                                        log.Printf(&quot;Notification: %#v\n&quot;, n)
                                } else if err := subscription.Err(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatalf(&quot;Subscription: %v&quot;, err)
                                }

                        case &lt;-ticker.C:
                                if err := job.QueryCounters(&amp;counters); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatalf(&quot;QueryCounters: %v&quot;, err)
                                }
                                b, err := json.MarshalIndent(counters, &quot;&quot;, &quot;\t&quot;)
                                if err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                log.Printf(&quot;Counters: \n%s\n&quot;, b)
                        }
                }
        }()

        if err := job.Assign(cmd.Process); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Assign: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := winjob.Resume(cmd); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Resume: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        if err := job.Assign(stress.Process); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Assign: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := winjob.Resume(stress); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Resume: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Wait: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := stress.Wait(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Wait: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        // Wait for a signal.
        &lt;-done
}

参考链接

  1. 21 Best Ways to Limit the CPU Usage of a Process
  2. MSDN: Windows Process and Thread Functions
  3. MSDN: CPU Sets
  4. GetThreadTimes

87,189 条评论

  1. My spouse and I stumbled over here coming from a different page and thought
    I might check things out. I like what I see so now i am following
    you. Look forward to looking at your web page for a second time.

  2. Эта публикация посвящена актуальным вопросам современной медицины и здравоохранения. Мы обсудим новейшие технологии диагностики и лечения, а также их влияние на продолжительность и качество жизни. Читатель найдет здесь информацию о научных исследованиях и перспективных разработках, доступно изложенную для широкой аудитории.
    Почему это важно? – [url=https://prorab-uk.ru/lechenie-alkogolizma-sovremennye-podhody-i-psihoterapevticheskie-metody/]лечения алкоголизма в Ижевске[/url]

  4. Listen uρ, steady pom ρi pi, maths is among in tһe
    top disciplines during Junior College, establishing base fоr
    A-Level calculus.
    Apаrt to establishment amenities, focus ѡith math tߋ prevent common mistakes lіke inattentive errors іn tests.

    Parents, competitive style engaged lah, solid primary maths leads іn superior science understanding as wеll aѕ construction dreams.

    Tampines Meridian Junior College, fгom a vibrant merger, ⲟffers innovative education іn drama ɑnd
    Malay language electives. Advanced facilities support varied streams, including commerce.
    Talent advancement ɑnd overseas programs foster leadership ɑnd cultural awareness.

    A caring community encourages empathy аnd resilience. Trainees аre
    successful іn holistic advancement, prepared fοr worldwide challenges.

    National Junior College, holding tһе difference
    aѕ Singapore’s firѕt junior college, supplies exceptional
    avenues for intellectual expedition аnd leadership cultivation ᴡithin a historic and motivating school
    that mixes tradition ԝith modern educational excellence.
    Тhe special boarding program promotes ѕelf-reliance and a sense of neighborhood,
    wһile modern researϲһ centers and specialized laboratories enable students fгom varied backgrounds to pursue sophisticated ｒesearch
    studies іn arts, sciences, аnd liberal arts witһ elective options f᧐r customized knowing
    courses. Ingenious programs motivate deep academic immersion, ѕuch aѕ project-based
    гesearch аnd interdisciplinary seminars tһat hone analytical
    skills ɑnd foster creativity among hopeful scholars.
    Ƭhrough comprehensive worldwide partnerships, consisting օf trainee exchanges,
    international seminars, ɑnd collective initiatives
    ԝith overseas universities, students establish broad networks ɑnd a
    nuanced understanding of around tһe woｒld issues.
    Тhe college’s alumni, who regularly presume popular roles
    іn government, academia, and market, exemplify National Junior
    College’ѕ long lasting contribution tߋ nation-building and thе advancement of visionary, impactful leaders.

    Aiyo, minus solid maths іn Junior College, no matter tоp establishment kids maʏ falter ɑt hіgh school algebra, ѕ᧐ develop tһis іmmediately leh.

    Oi oi, Singapore moms ɑnd dads, maths rеmains ⅼikely tһｅ extremely important primary discipline, encouraging creativity fоr challenge-tackling for innovative jobs.

    Aiyo, mіnus solid mathematics ɗuring Junior College, гegardless leading institution kids may
    stumble wіth secondary algebra, ѕo cultivate it noԝ leh.

    Listen ᥙp, Singapore parents, math гemains perhaps tһe highly essential
    primary subject, promoting innovation іn challenge-tackling іn innovative
    careers.

    Bｅ kiasu ɑnd seek help from teachers; A-levels reward tһose who persevere.

    Listen up, Singapore folks, math is lіkely tһe most
    crucial primary topic, fostering creativity for issue-resolving
    t᧐ innovative jobs.

    Нere is my web-site … Raffles Institution Junior College

  5. I really love your site.. Very nice colors &
    theme. Did you develop this amazing site yourself?
    Please reply back as I’m looking to create my own blog
    and want to know where you got this from or what the theme is called.
    Thank you!

  6. Медицинская публикация представляет собой свод актуальных исследований, экспертных мнений и новейших достижений в сфере здравоохранения. Здесь вы найдете информацию о новых методах лечения, прорывных технологиях и их практическом применении. Мы стремимся сделать актуальные медицинские исследования доступными и понятными для широкой аудитории.
    Изучить эмпирические данные – [url=https://lifepeople.info/novosti/lechenie-alkogolizma-sovremennye-podxody-i-effektivnye-metody/]наркологическая клиника в ижевске[/url]

  9. В этой статье рассматриваются различные аспекты избавления от зависимости, включая физические и психологические методы. Мы обсудим поддержку, мотивацию и стратегии, которые помогут в процессе выздоровления. Читатели узнают, как преодолеть трудности и двигаться к новой жизни без зависимости.
    Нажмите, чтобы узнать больше – [url=https://joy2b.ru/raznoe/opasnosti-zhenskogo-alkogolizma-i-ego-istinnaya-priroda.html]Вывод из запоя в Королеве[/url]

  11. В статье рассматриваются различные стратегии борьбы с зависимостями, включая проверенные методы и реальные истории успеха. Читатель узнает, какие подходы наиболее эффективны и как начать путь к выздоровлению.
    Изучите внимательнее – [url=https://ppdr.ru/kak-vernutsya-k-zhizni-posle-zapoya-put-k-trezvosti-kotoryy-nachinaetsya-s-odnogo-resheniya/]клиника плюс[/url]

  12. I recently discovered some fantastic tips on maintaining healthy hair during the humid months in West Palm Beach, and this post really nailed it! If anyone is looking for a trusted Beauty Salon, West Palm Beach, FL Beauty Parlour

  13. Обзор посвящён процессу восстановления после зависимостей. Мы расскажем о различных этапах реабилитации, поддерживающих ресурсах и важности мотивации в достижении устойчивого выздоровления.
    Только факты! – [url=https://topnewsrussia.ru/kak-pobedit-alkogolizm/]clinica plus[/url]

  14. В этой медицинской статье мы погрузимся в актуальные вопросы здравоохранения и лечения заболеваний. Читатели узнают о современных подходах, методах диагностики и новых открытий в научных исследованиях. Наша цель — донести важную информацию и повысить уровень осведомленности о здоровье.
    Есть чему поучиться – [url=https://na-polzy.ru/kak-vyzvat-narkologa-na-dom-v-kirzhache-poshagovyy-protsess-i-rekomendatsii/]клиника плюс[/url]

  16. Эта публикация исследует взаимосвязь зависимости и психологии. Мы обсудим, как психологические аспекты влияют на появление зависимостей и процесс выздоровления. Читатели смогут понять важность профессиональной поддержки и применения научных подходов в терапии.
    Все материалы собраны здесь – [url=https://medport.info/the-news/izbavlenie-ot-alkogolnoy-zavisimosti-s-pomoschyu-kompleksnogo-podhoda.html]кодирование от алкоголизма в Мурманске[/url]

  17. SKY88A.EU.COM cổng game cá cược bóng đá uy tín hàng đầu 2026. Tận hưởng tỷ lệ kèo hấp dẫn, giao diện đỉnh cao, nạp rút siêu tốc và bảo mật tuyệt đối. Tham gia ngay hôm nay để nhận ngập tràn ưu đãi độc quyền! bbc

  18. DA88I.BR.COM cổng game giải trí trực tuyến thế hệ mới top 1 Châu Á. Khám phá kho trò chơi đa dạng, cá cược hấp dẫn, bảo mật an toàn cùng tốc độ xử lý nạp rút siêu tốc. Tham gia ngay để nhận ưu đãi mỗi ngày! bbc

  23. My coder is trying to convince me to move to .net from PHP.
    I have always disliked the idea because of the expenses.
    But he’s tryiong none the less. I’ve been using Movable-type on various websites for about a year and am nervous about switching to another platform.
    I have heard very good things about blogengine.net. Is there a way I can import
    all my wordpress posts into it? Any help would be really appreciated!

  26. In fact no matter if someone doesn’t understand
    then its up to other visitors that they will assist, so here it occurs.

  30. Generally I do not read post on blogs, but I wish to say
    that this write-up very compelled me to take a look at and do
    it! Your writing taste has been surprised me. Thank you, very great
    post.

发表回复

您的邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注