Nothing Is Secret

Windows进程CPU、内存等资源限制

Windows自身没有提供类似Linux cgroup的能力来限制进程或进程组的资源占用，进程CPU/IO/内存/网络等资源的控制只能由自己实现。目前已有第三方的实现，主要是限制进程CPU的占用，如文档 < 21 Best Ways to Limit the CPU Usage of a Process > 所描述的BES，Process Tamer等软件。自Windows 8及Server 2012开始Windows系统有提供以job为单位的CPU占用及内存上限设置，之前的版本则只能以进程或线程为单位进行限制。

进程CPU占用限制方案

即时轮询系统所有进程(线程)的CPU占用，当发现所设定进程有超标时强制暂停进程所有线程的执行，然后在适当的时机再恢复执行。其中所涉及技术点：

进程CPU占用查询 GetProcessTimes

BOOL GetProcessTimes(
  [in]  HANDLE     hProcess,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpExitTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpUserTime
);

此函数可以获取进程从创建至当前的总运行时间及总的CPU时间，(KernelTime + UserTime) < 系统CPU数 * (当前时间 - CreationTime)

线程CPU占用查询 GetThreadTimes

BOOL GetThreadTimes(
  [in]  HANDLE     hThread,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpExitTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpUserTime
);

QueryThreadCycleTime可以提供更精准的CPU时间数据，单位为CPU时钟周期

BOOL QueryThreadCycleTime(
  [in]  HANDLE   ThreadHandle,
  [out] PULONG64 CycleTime
);

线程暂停及恢复

Windows平台没有提供暂停整个进程的支持函数，只能以线程为单位来操作，即SuspendThread及ResumeThread:

DWORD SuspendThread(
  [in] HANDLE hThread
);
DWORD ResumeThread(
  [in] HANDLE hThread
);

CPU亲和性设置: SetProcessAffinityMask

BOOL SetProcessAffinityMask(
  [in] HANDLE    hProcess,
  [in] DWORD_PTR dwProcessAffinityMask
);

此函数可以限定进程及其所有线程所能使用的CPU，故一定程序上亦限定了进程最大的系统CPU占用率。

DWORD_PTR SetThreadAffinityMask(
  [in] HANDLE    hThread,
  [in] DWORD_PTR dwThreadAffinityMask
);

此函数可单独限制特定线程的CPU亲和性。

进程优先级设置: SetPriorityClass

优先级解决的是优先运行及退让CPU的问题，本质上并不能限定CPU占用，只是优先级高于当前任务的忙碌的时候，当前进程会主动退让CPU 线程优先级设置：SetThreadPriority

BOOL SetThreadPriority(
  [in] HANDLE hThread,
  [in] int    nPriority
);

Job Objects

Windows系统提供了Job的概念用以管理多个进程，可以限制Job对象内所有进程及期线程的CPU核心占用、CPU占用及内存分配上限等，均通过SetInformationJobObject来实现，具体的CPU限制由JOBOBJECT_CPU_RATE_CONTROL_INFORMATION管理，内存限制则由JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION来管理。

BOOL SetInformationJobObject(
  [in] HANDLE             hJob,
  [in] JOBOBJECTINFOCLASS JobObjectInformationClass,
  [in] LPVOID             lpJobObjectInformation,
  [in] DWORD              cbJobObjectInformationLength
);

需要注意的是CPU占用设置只有Windows 8及Server 2012之后的版本有效。

CPU Sets

此部分只限定了CPU Affinity属性

实验验证

可以直接利用开源项目go-winjob验证，验证系统Windows 8 x64，go-winjob git repo: https://github.com/kolesnikovae/go-winjob

验证程序

#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        unsigned long total = 0, count = 0, i = 0;

        while (1) {
                if (malloc(1024)) {
                        total += 1024;
                        count++;
                }
                if (!(++i &amp; 4095))
                        printf(&quot;alloc: %u size: %u bytes\n&quot;, count, total);
    }
}

无限制

在无限制的情况下，此进程会占满一个CPU核心，commit内存总占用达2G CPUStress unlimited

单一进程

在设定CPU上限16%及内存16M上限之后，结果如下： CPUStress single process examples/job_object.go按如下修改：

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),        // 16%
        winjob.WithProcessMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

const defaultCommand = &quot;.\\CPUStress.exe&quot;

多进程(双进程)

将winjob.WithProcessMemoryLimit 改为 winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit，后者表示此job内所有进程要占用的总内存限制：

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),    // 16%
        winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

验证结果如下： CPUStress 2-processes CPUStress 2-processes

winjob example代码：

// +build windows

package main

import (
        &quot;encoding/json&quot;
        &quot;log&quot;
        &quot;os&quot;
        &quot;os/exec&quot;
        &quot;os/signal&quot;
        &quot;time&quot;

        &quot;golang.org/x/sys/windows&quot;

        &quot;github.com/kolesnikovae/go-winjob&quot;
)

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),    // 16%
        winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

const defaultCommand = &quot;.\\CPUStress.exe&quot;
const stressCommand  = &quot;.\\CPUStressX64.exe&quot;

func main() {
        job, err := winjob.Create(&quot;&quot;, limits...)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Create: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        cmd := exec.Command(defaultCommand)
        cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
        cmd.SysProcAttr = &amp;windows.SysProcAttr{
                CreationFlags: windows.CREATE_SUSPENDED,
        }
        if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Start: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        stress := exec.Command(stressCommand)
        stress.Stderr = os.Stderr
        stress.SysProcAttr = &amp;windows.SysProcAttr{
                CreationFlags: windows.CREATE_SUSPENDED,
        }
        if err := stress.Start(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Start: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        s := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
        signal.Notify(s, os.Interrupt)

        c := make(chan winjob.Notification)
        subscription, err := winjob.Notify(c, job)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Notify: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        done := make(chan struct{})
        go func() {
                defer close(done)
                ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second * 5)
                defer ticker.Stop()
                var counters winjob.Counters
                for {
                        select {
                        case &lt;-s:
                                log.Println(&quot;Closing job object&quot;)
                                if err := job.Close(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                log.Println(&quot;Closing subscription&quot;)
                                if err := subscription.Close(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                return

                        case n, ok := &lt;-c:
                                if ok {
                                        log.Printf(&quot;Notification: %#v\n&quot;, n)
                                } else if err := subscription.Err(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatalf(&quot;Subscription: %v&quot;, err)
                                }

                        case &lt;-ticker.C:
                                if err := job.QueryCounters(&amp;counters); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatalf(&quot;QueryCounters: %v&quot;, err)
                                }
                                b, err := json.MarshalIndent(counters, &quot;&quot;, &quot;\t&quot;)
                                if err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                log.Printf(&quot;Counters: \n%s\n&quot;, b)
                        }
                }
        }()

        if err := job.Assign(cmd.Process); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Assign: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := winjob.Resume(cmd); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Resume: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        if err := job.Assign(stress.Process); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Assign: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := winjob.Resume(stress); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Resume: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Wait: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := stress.Wait(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Wait: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        // Wait for a signal.
        &lt;-done
}

参考链接

  1. 21 Best Ways to Limit the CPU Usage of a Process
  2. MSDN: Windows Process and Thread Functions
  3. MSDN: CPU Sets
  4. GetThreadTimes

188,901 条评论

  6. This article really hits home for me—I’m juggling way too many AI subscriptions just to handle M&A memos and pricing tests like $79 vs $149 scenarios. The 7-day trial for the $95/month Frontier plan sounds like a smart way to test fit without overspending ai model for debugging

  18. Have you ever thought about writing an ebook or guest authoring on other sites?
    I have a blog based upon on the same subjects you discuss and would really like to have you
    share some stories/information. I know my viewers would enjoy
    your work. If you’re even remotely interested, feel free to send me an e-mail.

  24. Kaizenaire.com is your portal tⲟ Singapore’s tоp deals and event promotions.

    Promotions ɑre prizes іn Singapore’s shopping paradise, cherished Ьy Singaporeans.

    Singaporeans ⲟften loosen up wіtһ family outings ɑt East Coast Park, and bear in mind tо stay
    updated on Singapore’s mоst reⅽent promotions аnd shopping deals.

    Thе Social Foot offers fashionable, comfy footwear,
    enjoyed Ьy energetic Singaporeans fоr theiг mix of style
    and function.

    Singlife оffers digital insurance ɑnd financial savings items one,
    valued bｙ Singaporeans for tһeir tech-savvy
    approach ɑnd financial protection mah.

    328 Katong Laksa spruces ᥙp with coconutty noodle soup, treasured bｙ locals fоr abundant, Peranakan heritage in evеry slurp.

    Eh, wһy wait lor, Singaporeans οught to surf Kaizenaire.com daily mah.

    Аlso visit mｙ paɡе … promotions Singapore

  31. Excellent beat ! I would like to apprentice while you amend your web site, how can i subscribe for a blog
    website? The account aided me a acceptable deal.
    I were tiny bit acquainted of this your broadcast provided bright transparent idea

  32. Наркологическая помощь позволяет безопасно начать выведение токсинов, снизить интоксикации, восстановить водно-солевой баланс и подобрать дальнейшее лечение алкогольной зависимости. Нарколог проводит анализ состояния пациента, уточняет стаж употребления спиртного, причины запоя, наличие хронического заболевания, психических расстройств, противопоказаний и других ограничений. После диагностики врач выбирает схему: амбулаторно на дому, в стационаре клиники или с госпитализацией.
    Разобраться лучше – [url=https://vyvod-is-zapoya-sochi20.ru/]помощь вывод из запоя в сочи[/url]

  36. Доброго!
    Ищете ежедневные коды Roblox или обновленные коды Roblox для любимого плейса? У нас есть все актуальные игровые коды, популярные Roblox коды и коды на бонусы в играх. Читайте наши информативные игровые гайды, изучайте секреты игр и смотрите прохождения игр. Мы собрали чит-коды для игр, коды для мобильных игр и коды для ПК игр для всех геймеров. Мы расскажем, как активировать коды Roblox, чтобы вы могли использовать новые коды Roblox и Роблокс коды. Открывайте наш список кодов Roblox, смотрите все коды Роблокс и забирайте крутые коды на валюту Roblox, коды на скины Roblox и коды на предметы Roblox.
    Подробная информация на сайте https://game-zoom.net
    коды Roblox, советы по играм, коды для ПК игр
    Роблокс коды, [url=https://game-zoom.net]коды для мобильных игр[/url], Roblox промокоды
    Всего наилучшего и хорошего геймплея!

  41. основанием для вызова специалиста является неспособность человека самостоятельно выйти из состояния непрерывного употребления алкоголя и наличие признаков абстиненции.
    Получить дополнительные сведения – [url=https://vivod-iz-zapoya-sochi22.ru/]вывод из запоя цена сочи[/url]

  43. OMT’s encouraging comments loops encourage development ᴡay ⲟf thinking,
    assisting pupils love mathematics аnd feel inspired foг tests.

    Dive into seⅼf-paced math mastery witһ OMT’s 12-month e-learning courses, tߋtaⅼ with
    practice worksheets аnd taped sessions for extensive modification.

    Іn a ѕystem ᴡhere mathematics education һаs ɑctually evolved t᧐o cultivate innovation аnd international competitiveness,
    registering іn math tuition guarantees students stay ahead ƅy
    deepening theіr understanding аnd application of crucial concepts.

    Ԝith PSLE math contributing ѕubstantially tо tⲟtаl scores,
    tuition supplies extra resources ⅼike design responses fօr pattern acknowledgment
    ɑnd algebraic thinking.

    Personalized math tuituon іn high school addresses individual finding ouut spaces іn subjects ⅼike calculus and stats, stopping thｅm from impeding O Level success.

    Dealing ԝith private discovering styles, math tuition guarantees junior college pupils master topics аt tһeir veｒy own pace foг A Level success.

    OMT’ѕ proprietary syllabus complements thｅ MOE curriculum Ьy offering detailed failures ⲟf intricate topics, mаking suгe pupils develop а stronger fundamental understanding.

    Parental accessibility tⲟ progress reports ߋne, allowing
    assistance ɑt һome for sustained grade renovation.

    Math tuition nurtures ɑ growth mindset, encouraging Singapore trainees tⲟ warch difficulties ɑs
    opportunities fοr exam quality.

    Ηere is my website :: koh tee hock math tuition

  49. Backyard decks can genuinely transform your outside location into a relaxing oasis. I’ve been thinking of adding one to my home, and I discovered some wonderful resources on deck products and designs at deck contractor . Definitely worth a visit!

发表回复

您的邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注