Nothing Is Secret

Windows进程CPU、内存等资源限制

Windows自身没有提供类似Linux cgroup的能力来限制进程或进程组的资源占用，进程CPU/IO/内存/网络等资源的控制只能由自己实现。目前已有第三方的实现，主要是限制进程CPU的占用，如文档 < 21 Best Ways to Limit the CPU Usage of a Process > 所描述的BES，Process Tamer等软件。自Windows 8及Server 2012开始Windows系统有提供以job为单位的CPU占用及内存上限设置，之前的版本则只能以进程或线程为单位进行限制。

进程CPU占用限制方案

即时轮询系统所有进程(线程)的CPU占用，当发现所设定进程有超标时强制暂停进程所有线程的执行，然后在适当的时机再恢复执行。其中所涉及技术点：

进程CPU占用查询 GetProcessTimes

BOOL GetProcessTimes(
  [in]  HANDLE     hProcess,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpExitTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpUserTime
);

此函数可以获取进程从创建至当前的总运行时间及总的CPU时间，(KernelTime + UserTime) < 系统CPU数 * (当前时间 - CreationTime)

线程CPU占用查询 GetThreadTimes

BOOL GetThreadTimes(
  [in]  HANDLE     hThread,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpExitTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpUserTime
);

QueryThreadCycleTime可以提供更精准的CPU时间数据，单位为CPU时钟周期

BOOL QueryThreadCycleTime(
  [in]  HANDLE   ThreadHandle,
  [out] PULONG64 CycleTime
);

线程暂停及恢复

Windows平台没有提供暂停整个进程的支持函数，只能以线程为单位来操作，即SuspendThread及ResumeThread:

DWORD SuspendThread(
  [in] HANDLE hThread
);
DWORD ResumeThread(
  [in] HANDLE hThread
);

CPU亲和性设置: SetProcessAffinityMask

BOOL SetProcessAffinityMask(
  [in] HANDLE    hProcess,
  [in] DWORD_PTR dwProcessAffinityMask
);

此函数可以限定进程及其所有线程所能使用的CPU，故一定程序上亦限定了进程最大的系统CPU占用率。

DWORD_PTR SetThreadAffinityMask(
  [in] HANDLE    hThread,
  [in] DWORD_PTR dwThreadAffinityMask
);

此函数可单独限制特定线程的CPU亲和性。

进程优先级设置: SetPriorityClass

优先级解决的是优先运行及退让CPU的问题，本质上并不能限定CPU占用，只是优先级高于当前任务的忙碌的时候，当前进程会主动退让CPU 线程优先级设置：SetThreadPriority

BOOL SetThreadPriority(
  [in] HANDLE hThread,
  [in] int    nPriority
);

Job Objects

Windows系统提供了Job的概念用以管理多个进程，可以限制Job对象内所有进程及期线程的CPU核心占用、CPU占用及内存分配上限等，均通过SetInformationJobObject来实现，具体的CPU限制由JOBOBJECT_CPU_RATE_CONTROL_INFORMATION管理，内存限制则由JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION来管理。

BOOL SetInformationJobObject(
  [in] HANDLE             hJob,
  [in] JOBOBJECTINFOCLASS JobObjectInformationClass,
  [in] LPVOID             lpJobObjectInformation,
  [in] DWORD              cbJobObjectInformationLength
);

需要注意的是CPU占用设置只有Windows 8及Server 2012之后的版本有效。

CPU Sets

此部分只限定了CPU Affinity属性

实验验证

可以直接利用开源项目go-winjob验证，验证系统Windows 8 x64，go-winjob git repo: https://github.com/kolesnikovae/go-winjob

验证程序

#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        unsigned long total = 0, count = 0, i = 0;

        while (1) {
                if (malloc(1024)) {
                        total += 1024;
                        count++;
                }
                if (!(++i &amp; 4095))
                        printf(&quot;alloc: %u size: %u bytes\n&quot;, count, total);
    }
}

无限制

在无限制的情况下，此进程会占满一个CPU核心，commit内存总占用达2G CPUStress unlimited

单一进程

在设定CPU上限16%及内存16M上限之后，结果如下： CPUStress single process examples/job_object.go按如下修改：

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),        // 16%
        winjob.WithProcessMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

const defaultCommand = &quot;.\\CPUStress.exe&quot;

多进程(双进程)

将winjob.WithProcessMemoryLimit 改为 winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit，后者表示此job内所有进程要占用的总内存限制：

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),    // 16%
        winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

验证结果如下： CPUStress 2-processes CPUStress 2-processes

winjob example代码：

// +build windows

package main

import (
        &quot;encoding/json&quot;
        &quot;log&quot;
        &quot;os&quot;
        &quot;os/exec&quot;
        &quot;os/signal&quot;
        &quot;time&quot;

        &quot;golang.org/x/sys/windows&quot;

        &quot;github.com/kolesnikovae/go-winjob&quot;
)

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),    // 16%
        winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

const defaultCommand = &quot;.\\CPUStress.exe&quot;
const stressCommand  = &quot;.\\CPUStressX64.exe&quot;

func main() {
        job, err := winjob.Create(&quot;&quot;, limits...)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Create: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        cmd := exec.Command(defaultCommand)
        cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
        cmd.SysProcAttr = &amp;windows.SysProcAttr{
                CreationFlags: windows.CREATE_SUSPENDED,
        }
        if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Start: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        stress := exec.Command(stressCommand)
        stress.Stderr = os.Stderr
        stress.SysProcAttr = &amp;windows.SysProcAttr{
                CreationFlags: windows.CREATE_SUSPENDED,
        }
        if err := stress.Start(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Start: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        s := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
        signal.Notify(s, os.Interrupt)

        c := make(chan winjob.Notification)
        subscription, err := winjob.Notify(c, job)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Notify: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        done := make(chan struct{})
        go func() {
                defer close(done)
                ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second * 5)
                defer ticker.Stop()
                var counters winjob.Counters
                for {
                        select {
                        case &lt;-s:
                                log.Println(&quot;Closing job object&quot;)
                                if err := job.Close(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                log.Println(&quot;Closing subscription&quot;)
                                if err := subscription.Close(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                return

                        case n, ok := &lt;-c:
                                if ok {
                                        log.Printf(&quot;Notification: %#v\n&quot;, n)
                                } else if err := subscription.Err(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatalf(&quot;Subscription: %v&quot;, err)
                                }

                        case &lt;-ticker.C:
                                if err := job.QueryCounters(&amp;counters); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatalf(&quot;QueryCounters: %v&quot;, err)
                                }
                                b, err := json.MarshalIndent(counters, &quot;&quot;, &quot;\t&quot;)
                                if err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                log.Printf(&quot;Counters: \n%s\n&quot;, b)
                        }
                }
        }()

        if err := job.Assign(cmd.Process); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Assign: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := winjob.Resume(cmd); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Resume: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        if err := job.Assign(stress.Process); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Assign: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := winjob.Resume(stress); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Resume: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Wait: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := stress.Wait(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Wait: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        // Wait for a signal.
        &lt;-done
}

参考链接

  1. 21 Best Ways to Limit the CPU Usage of a Process
  2. MSDN: Windows Process and Thread Functions
  3. MSDN: CPU Sets
  4. GetThreadTimes

190,575 条评论

  6. Singapore’s premier furniture store ɑnd expansive furniture showroom
    оffers thе ultimate ⲟne-stοⲣ shop experience
    for premium һome furnishings аnd strategic furniture fօr HDB interior design. Wе deliver trendy and affordable solutions witһ exciting furniture promotions, mattress promotions
    аnd Singapore furniture sale offerѕ mɑde for every
    Singapore home. The importance of furniture
    in interior design guides eᴠery decision when buying furniture for HDB interior design — fгom L-shaped sectional sofas ɑnd premium mattresses tⲟ sturdy bed frames, study computeг desks and elegant coffee tables — аlways
    apply expert tips tο buy quality sofa bed аnd quality coffee
    table fοr best гesults. Ꮃhether you’ｒe refreshing ʏouг HDB living rօom furniture, bedroom furniture Singapore or dining ｒoom furniture Singapore ᴡith the
    latｅst furniture deals, our thoughtfully curated collections combine contemporary design, superior comfort ɑnd lasting durability
    to cгeate beautiful, functional living spaces tһat suit modern lifestyles аcross Singapore.

    Ꮃe arе Singapore’s premier furniture store аnd expansive furniture showroom — ʏour ultimate one-stop shop for
    һigh-quality һome furnishings and smart furniture fⲟr HDB
    interior design in Singapore. Enjoy contemporary аnd budget-friendly solutions ᴡith exciting furniture promotions, sofa promotions ɑnd
    Singapore furniture ale ߋffers created for eveгy HDB home.

    Appreciating the importance of furniture іn interior design ᴡhile buying
    furniture foг HDB interior design guides ｙou toward versatile plush sofas, quality mattresses,
    sturdy bed fｒames witһ storage, practical ｃomputer desks and beautiful
    coffee tables — follow ᧐ur expert tips to buy quality sofa bed ɑnd quality coffee table fⲟr maximum everyday comfort.
    Wһether refreshing үour living гoom furniture Singapore, bedroom furniture Singapore
    оr study space ԝith thｅ ⅼatest furniture sale ᧐ffers ɑnd affordable HDB furniture Singapore, оur thoughtfully curated collections combine contemporary
    design, superior comfort аnd lasting durability to creɑtе beautiful, functional living spaces suited tо modern lifestyles
    аcross Singapore.

    Discover Singapore’ѕ leading furniture store ɑnd comprehensive
    furniture showroom — үour go-to one-stop shop for quality һome furnishings and
    optimised furniture f᧐r HDB interior design Singapore.
    Ꮃe provide modern ɑnd vaⅼue-for-money solutions packed ԝith exciting furniture promotions, sofa promotions ɑnd Singapore furniture sale
    οffers tailored tо eѵery HDB home. Understanding the impoгtance of furniture
    in interior design whilе buying furniture foｒ HDB interior design empowers
    үoᥙ to select the ideal living ｒoom sofas, quality mattresses іn aⅼl
    sizes, storage bed frаmes, practical study desks ɑnd beautiful coffee tables by foⅼlowing smart tips to buy quality bed frame, quality sofa bed ɑnd quality coffee
    table. Ꮃhether ʏoᥙ arе updating your living гoom furniture
    Singapore, bedroom furniture Singapore οr study space ԝith
    the latest affordable HDB furniture Singapore, օur thoughtfully
    curated collections combine contemporary design, superior comfort ɑnd lasting durability
    tο create beautiful, functional living spaces tһat perfectly suit modern lifestyles across Singapore.

    Singapore’ѕ leading furniture store and
    expansive furniture showroom оffers tһe ideal one-ѕtop shop experience fⲟr premium mattresses.
    Ꮃe deliver modern and affordable solutions ԝith exciting furniture promotions, mattress promotions ɑnd Singapore furniture sale օffers mɑdе for every Singapore home.

    The imрortance ᧐f furniture іn intetior design guides eνery decision when buying furniture
    fοr HDB interior design — from king size natural latex mattresses ɑnd queen size gel memory foam mattresses tο single size firm pocket spring mattresses аnd ergonomic hybrid mattresses tһat perfectly balance comfort аnd practicality.
    Ꮤhether үou’гe refreshing ʏoսr bedroom furniture Singapore ԝith tһe lаtest affordable mattress Singapore, οur thoughtfully curated collections combine
    contemporary design, superior comfort аnd lasting durability tߋ create beautiful, functional living spaces tһat suit modern lifestyles
    аcross Singapore.

    Singapore’ѕ top-rated furniture store ɑnd spacious furniture showroom іs yⲟur ideal one-ѕtoр destination for premium sofas.

    Ꮤe provide modern and affordable solutions enriched ԝith furniture
    deals, sofa deals аnd Singapore furniture sale οffers fօr еvery Singapore h᧐mｅ.
    The importance of furniture in interior design becomes crystal clear when buying furniture for HDB interior design — choose quality sofas ѕuch as plush velvet sectional sofas,
    durable fabric corner sofas, king-size recliner
    sofas аnd stylish modular sofas tһat deliver
    unmatched comfort іn compact HDB living гooms.
    Whеther уоu’rе refreshing ｙour living гoom furniture
    Singapore with the ⅼatest furniture promotions, οur thoughtfully curated collections merge contemporary design, superior
    comfort ɑnd lasting durability tߋ crｅate beautiful, functional living spaces tһat suit
    modern lifestyles аcross Singapore.

    Also visit my web-site; furniture shops

发表回复

您的邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注