Nothing Is Secret

Windows进程CPU、内存等资源限制

Windows自身没有提供类似Linux cgroup的能力来限制进程或进程组的资源占用，进程CPU/IO/内存/网络等资源的控制只能由自己实现。目前已有第三方的实现，主要是限制进程CPU的占用，如文档 < 21 Best Ways to Limit the CPU Usage of a Process > 所描述的BES，Process Tamer等软件。自Windows 8及Server 2012开始Windows系统有提供以job为单位的CPU占用及内存上限设置，之前的版本则只能以进程或线程为单位进行限制。

进程CPU占用限制方案

即时轮询系统所有进程(线程)的CPU占用，当发现所设定进程有超标时强制暂停进程所有线程的执行，然后在适当的时机再恢复执行。其中所涉及技术点：

进程CPU占用查询 GetProcessTimes

BOOL GetProcessTimes(
  [in]  HANDLE     hProcess,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpExitTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpUserTime
);

此函数可以获取进程从创建至当前的总运行时间及总的CPU时间，(KernelTime + UserTime) < 系统CPU数 * (当前时间 - CreationTime)

线程CPU占用查询 GetThreadTimes

BOOL GetThreadTimes(
  [in]  HANDLE     hThread,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpExitTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpUserTime
);

QueryThreadCycleTime可以提供更精准的CPU时间数据，单位为CPU时钟周期

BOOL QueryThreadCycleTime(
  [in]  HANDLE   ThreadHandle,
  [out] PULONG64 CycleTime
);

线程暂停及恢复

Windows平台没有提供暂停整个进程的支持函数，只能以线程为单位来操作，即SuspendThread及ResumeThread:

DWORD SuspendThread(
  [in] HANDLE hThread
);
DWORD ResumeThread(
  [in] HANDLE hThread
);

CPU亲和性设置: SetProcessAffinityMask

BOOL SetProcessAffinityMask(
  [in] HANDLE    hProcess,
  [in] DWORD_PTR dwProcessAffinityMask
);

此函数可以限定进程及其所有线程所能使用的CPU，故一定程序上亦限定了进程最大的系统CPU占用率。

DWORD_PTR SetThreadAffinityMask(
  [in] HANDLE    hThread,
  [in] DWORD_PTR dwThreadAffinityMask
);

此函数可单独限制特定线程的CPU亲和性。

进程优先级设置: SetPriorityClass

优先级解决的是优先运行及退让CPU的问题，本质上并不能限定CPU占用，只是优先级高于当前任务的忙碌的时候，当前进程会主动退让CPU 线程优先级设置：SetThreadPriority

BOOL SetThreadPriority(
  [in] HANDLE hThread,
  [in] int    nPriority
);

Job Objects

Windows系统提供了Job的概念用以管理多个进程，可以限制Job对象内所有进程及期线程的CPU核心占用、CPU占用及内存分配上限等，均通过SetInformationJobObject来实现，具体的CPU限制由JOBOBJECT_CPU_RATE_CONTROL_INFORMATION管理，内存限制则由JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION来管理。

BOOL SetInformationJobObject(
  [in] HANDLE             hJob,
  [in] JOBOBJECTINFOCLASS JobObjectInformationClass,
  [in] LPVOID             lpJobObjectInformation,
  [in] DWORD              cbJobObjectInformationLength
);

需要注意的是CPU占用设置只有Windows 8及Server 2012之后的版本有效。

CPU Sets

此部分只限定了CPU Affinity属性

实验验证

可以直接利用开源项目go-winjob验证，验证系统Windows 8 x64，go-winjob git repo: https://github.com/kolesnikovae/go-winjob

验证程序

#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        unsigned long total = 0, count = 0, i = 0;

        while (1) {
                if (malloc(1024)) {
                        total += 1024;
                        count++;
                }
                if (!(++i &amp; 4095))
                        printf(&quot;alloc: %u size: %u bytes\n&quot;, count, total);
    }
}

无限制

在无限制的情况下，此进程会占满一个CPU核心，commit内存总占用达2G CPUStress unlimited

单一进程

在设定CPU上限16%及内存16M上限之后，结果如下： CPUStress single process examples/job_object.go按如下修改：

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),        // 16%
        winjob.WithProcessMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

const defaultCommand = &quot;.\\CPUStress.exe&quot;

多进程(双进程)

将winjob.WithProcessMemoryLimit 改为 winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit，后者表示此job内所有进程要占用的总内存限制：

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),    // 16%
        winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

验证结果如下： CPUStress 2-processes CPUStress 2-processes

winjob example代码：

// +build windows

package main

import (
        &quot;encoding/json&quot;
        &quot;log&quot;
        &quot;os&quot;
        &quot;os/exec&quot;
        &quot;os/signal&quot;
        &quot;time&quot;

        &quot;golang.org/x/sys/windows&quot;

        &quot;github.com/kolesnikovae/go-winjob&quot;
)

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),    // 16%
        winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

const defaultCommand = &quot;.\\CPUStress.exe&quot;
const stressCommand  = &quot;.\\CPUStressX64.exe&quot;

func main() {
        job, err := winjob.Create(&quot;&quot;, limits...)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Create: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        cmd := exec.Command(defaultCommand)
        cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
        cmd.SysProcAttr = &amp;windows.SysProcAttr{
                CreationFlags: windows.CREATE_SUSPENDED,
        }
        if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Start: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        stress := exec.Command(stressCommand)
        stress.Stderr = os.Stderr
        stress.SysProcAttr = &amp;windows.SysProcAttr{
                CreationFlags: windows.CREATE_SUSPENDED,
        }
        if err := stress.Start(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Start: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        s := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
        signal.Notify(s, os.Interrupt)

        c := make(chan winjob.Notification)
        subscription, err := winjob.Notify(c, job)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Notify: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        done := make(chan struct{})
        go func() {
                defer close(done)
                ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second * 5)
                defer ticker.Stop()
                var counters winjob.Counters
                for {
                        select {
                        case &lt;-s:
                                log.Println(&quot;Closing job object&quot;)
                                if err := job.Close(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                log.Println(&quot;Closing subscription&quot;)
                                if err := subscription.Close(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                return

                        case n, ok := &lt;-c:
                                if ok {
                                        log.Printf(&quot;Notification: %#v\n&quot;, n)
                                } else if err := subscription.Err(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatalf(&quot;Subscription: %v&quot;, err)
                                }

                        case &lt;-ticker.C:
                                if err := job.QueryCounters(&amp;counters); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatalf(&quot;QueryCounters: %v&quot;, err)
                                }
                                b, err := json.MarshalIndent(counters, &quot;&quot;, &quot;\t&quot;)
                                if err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                log.Printf(&quot;Counters: \n%s\n&quot;, b)
                        }
                }
        }()

        if err := job.Assign(cmd.Process); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Assign: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := winjob.Resume(cmd); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Resume: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        if err := job.Assign(stress.Process); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Assign: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := winjob.Resume(stress); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Resume: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Wait: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := stress.Wait(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Wait: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        // Wait for a signal.
        &lt;-done
}

参考链接

  1. 21 Best Ways to Limit the CPU Usage of a Process
  2. MSDN: Windows Process and Thread Functions
  3. MSDN: CPU Sets
  4. GetThreadTimes

194,292 条评论

  10. В данном обзоре представлены основные направления и тренды в области медицины. Мы обсудим актуальные проблемы здравоохранения, свежие открытия и новые подходы, которые меняют представление о лечении и профилактике заболеваний. Эта информация будет полезна как специалистам, так и широкой публике.
    Ознакомьтесь с аналитикой – [url=https://s21v.ru/kak-vernut-kontrol-nad-soboy-put-k-osvobozhdeniyu-ot-zavisimosti/]clinica plus в подольске[/url]

  13. В данной публикации мы поговорим о процессе восстановления от зависимости, о том, как вернуть себе нормальную жизнь. Мы обсудим преодоление трудностей, значимость поддержки и наличие программ реабилитации. Читатели смогут узнать о ключевых шагах к успешному восстановлению.
    Полная информация здесь – [url=https://about-tea.ru/effektivnaya-pomosch-narkomanu-metody-reabilitatsii-i-podderzhka-dlya-blizkikh/]клиника плюс тверь[/url]

  14. This post provided some really insightful tips on garage door repairs and installation that I hadn’t considered before. Finding reliable garage door repair near me has always been a challenge, especially for commercial roller door repairs gold coast garage doors

  17. Этот информационный материал подробно освещает проблему наркозависимости, ее причины и последствия. Мы предлагаем информацию о методах лечения, профилактики и поддерживающих программах. Цель статьи — повысить осведомленность и продвигать идеи о необходимости борьбы с зависимостями.
    Запросить дополнительные данные – [url=https://coream.ru/vyvod-iz-zapoya-kak-vosstanovit-zdorove-i-vernutsya-k-zhizni]nizhnij novgorod clinica plus[/url]

  19. Эта статья подробно расскажет о процессе выздоровления, который включает в себя эмоциональную, физическую и психологическую реабилитацию. Мы обсуждаем значимость поддержки и наличие профессиональных программ. Читатели узнают, как строить новую жизнь и не возвращаться к старым привычкам.
    Читать дальше – [url=https://alfamed-nsk.ru/narkologicheskaya-klinika-v-rostove-na-donu/]прокапывание от алкоголя цена[/url]

  28. Magnificent beat ! I would like to apprentice while you amend
    your website, how could i subscribe for a blog website?
    The account helped me a acceptable deal. I had been a little bit
    acquainted of this your broadcast provided bright clear concept

  29. Humbled bearing witness talented individuals engaged tirelessly pursuing passions creating positive changes witnessed unfold miraculously contributing improving lives uplifting spirits reigniting hope inspiring aspirations nurturing dreams encouraging roofer near me

  30. Here’s the latest
    • Talks to end war: Trump administration officials are working to arrange a meeting in Pakistan this weekend to discuss an off-ramp to the war, two senior administration officials tell CNN. Iran has taunted the White House by suggesting it may be negotiating with itself. It is still unclear whether Tehran has agreed to any of the terms in a 15-point proposal from the US that sources said was shared with Iran via Pakistan.
    [url=https://kr8at.cc]slon3 cc[/url]
    • US troop deployment: Around 1,000 US soldiers with the Army’s 82nd Airborne Division are preparing to deploy in coming days to the Middle East, sources told CNN.
    [url=https://krab7.net.ru]slon4 at[/url]
    • Strikes persist: A residential area in Tehran was hit by an airstrike, according to the Iranian Red Crescent said. Drones struck a fuel tank at Kuwait International Airport, the country’s civil aviation authority said.
    [url=https://slotn6.cc]krab5.cc[/url]
    • Strait of Hormuz: Multiple vessels have passed through the strait since yesterday morning, tracking data appears to show, as Iran says it will charge countries a fee for safe passage through the critical waterway.
    slon3 to
    https://kra–b5–cc.ru

  32. Thanks for putting this together on selecting the right Ford dealer. Your comments about transparent pricing and knowledgeable staff were spot on. For those of us in Plainville, CT, local insight into inventory and financing supports smarter decisions 2026 F350 local listings

  33. Collaborative conversations іn OMT courses build excitement аround mathematics ideas, inspiring Singapore pupils tо develop
    affection and excel іn tests.

    Join our smаll-grⲟսp on-site classes in Singapore for individualized assistance in ɑ nurturing environment tһat
    develops strong fundamental mathematics skills.

    Singapore’ѕ world-renowned math curriculum emphasizes conceptual
    understanding ᧐ver simple calculation, makіng math tuition important for trainees tо understand deep concepts аnd master national tests ⅼike
    PSLE and Ⲟ-Levels.

    Enhancing primary school education ѡith math tuition prepares trainees fօr PSLE by cultivating a development state of mind tоwards difficult topics ⅼike proportion ɑnd changes.

    Tuition cultivates advanced analytic skills, іmportant fоr resolving tһe complex, multi-step inquiries that
    define Ο Level math obstacles.

    Junior college tuition supplies access tߋ supplementary sources ⅼike worksheets аnd video
    descriptions, strengthening Ꭺ Level syllabus protection.

    Ꭲhe exckusive OMT curriculum sticks օut Ьy integrating MOE syllabus elemewnts ᴡith gamified quizzes ɑnd difficulties tօ maҝe finding out more enjoyable.

    12-month gain access to suggests ｙou can revisit topics
    anytime lah, developing solid foundations fоr consistent high math marks.

    Singapore’s worldwide ranking in math comes from supplemental tuition tһat sharpens skills
    fοr worldwide criteria like PISA аnd TIMSS.

    Feel free tⲟ surf tߋ my blog … online tuition

  40. В этой статье мы рассматриваем разрушительное влияние зависимости на жизнь человека. Обсуждаются аспекты, такие как здоровье, отношения и профессиональные достижения. Читатели узнают о необходимости обращения за помощью и о путях к восстановлению.
    Читать дальше – [url=https://weburologiya.ru/pochemu-stoit-vybirat-kapelniczy-ot-pohmelya-v-klinikah-obstoyatelstva-i-preimushhestva/]clinica plus[/url]

  42. Πολύ κατατοπιστικό άρθρο για τους νυχτερινούς επισκέπτες. Για παρόμοια θεματολογία γύρω από συνοδούς, μπορείτε να κοιτάξετε και το book call girls Greece .

  43. Appreciate you posting this. The tips on finding trustworthy auto dealers in Summit are excellent. It’s important to consider both pricing and service when checking out Summit dealerships. Would love to hear more about seasonal deals in Summit dealerships buy Evija near me

发表回复

您的邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注