Nothing Is Secret

Windows进程CPU、内存等资源限制

Windows自身没有提供类似Linux cgroup的能力来限制进程或进程组的资源占用，进程CPU/IO/内存/网络等资源的控制只能由自己实现。目前已有第三方的实现，主要是限制进程CPU的占用，如文档 < 21 Best Ways to Limit the CPU Usage of a Process > 所描述的BES，Process Tamer等软件。自Windows 8及Server 2012开始Windows系统有提供以job为单位的CPU占用及内存上限设置，之前的版本则只能以进程或线程为单位进行限制。

进程CPU占用限制方案

即时轮询系统所有进程(线程)的CPU占用，当发现所设定进程有超标时强制暂停进程所有线程的执行，然后在适当的时机再恢复执行。其中所涉及技术点：

进程CPU占用查询 GetProcessTimes

BOOL GetProcessTimes(
  [in]  HANDLE     hProcess,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpExitTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpUserTime
);

此函数可以获取进程从创建至当前的总运行时间及总的CPU时间，(KernelTime + UserTime) < 系统CPU数 * (当前时间 - CreationTime)

线程CPU占用查询 GetThreadTimes

BOOL GetThreadTimes(
  [in]  HANDLE     hThread,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpExitTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpUserTime
);

QueryThreadCycleTime可以提供更精准的CPU时间数据，单位为CPU时钟周期

BOOL QueryThreadCycleTime(
  [in]  HANDLE   ThreadHandle,
  [out] PULONG64 CycleTime
);

线程暂停及恢复

Windows平台没有提供暂停整个进程的支持函数，只能以线程为单位来操作，即SuspendThread及ResumeThread:

DWORD SuspendThread(
  [in] HANDLE hThread
);
DWORD ResumeThread(
  [in] HANDLE hThread
);

CPU亲和性设置: SetProcessAffinityMask

BOOL SetProcessAffinityMask(
  [in] HANDLE    hProcess,
  [in] DWORD_PTR dwProcessAffinityMask
);

此函数可以限定进程及其所有线程所能使用的CPU，故一定程序上亦限定了进程最大的系统CPU占用率。

DWORD_PTR SetThreadAffinityMask(
  [in] HANDLE    hThread,
  [in] DWORD_PTR dwThreadAffinityMask
);

此函数可单独限制特定线程的CPU亲和性。

进程优先级设置: SetPriorityClass

优先级解决的是优先运行及退让CPU的问题，本质上并不能限定CPU占用，只是优先级高于当前任务的忙碌的时候，当前进程会主动退让CPU 线程优先级设置：SetThreadPriority

BOOL SetThreadPriority(
  [in] HANDLE hThread,
  [in] int    nPriority
);

Job Objects

Windows系统提供了Job的概念用以管理多个进程，可以限制Job对象内所有进程及期线程的CPU核心占用、CPU占用及内存分配上限等，均通过SetInformationJobObject来实现，具体的CPU限制由JOBOBJECT_CPU_RATE_CONTROL_INFORMATION管理，内存限制则由JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION来管理。

BOOL SetInformationJobObject(
  [in] HANDLE             hJob,
  [in] JOBOBJECTINFOCLASS JobObjectInformationClass,
  [in] LPVOID             lpJobObjectInformation,
  [in] DWORD              cbJobObjectInformationLength
);

需要注意的是CPU占用设置只有Windows 8及Server 2012之后的版本有效。

CPU Sets

此部分只限定了CPU Affinity属性

实验验证

可以直接利用开源项目go-winjob验证，验证系统Windows 8 x64，go-winjob git repo: https://github.com/kolesnikovae/go-winjob

验证程序

#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        unsigned long total = 0, count = 0, i = 0;

        while (1) {
                if (malloc(1024)) {
                        total += 1024;
                        count++;
                }
                if (!(++i &amp; 4095))
                        printf(&quot;alloc: %u size: %u bytes\n&quot;, count, total);
    }
}

无限制

在无限制的情况下，此进程会占满一个CPU核心，commit内存总占用达2G CPUStress unlimited

单一进程

在设定CPU上限16%及内存16M上限之后，结果如下： CPUStress single process examples/job_object.go按如下修改：

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),        // 16%
        winjob.WithProcessMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

const defaultCommand = &quot;.\\CPUStress.exe&quot;

多进程(双进程)

将winjob.WithProcessMemoryLimit 改为 winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit，后者表示此job内所有进程要占用的总内存限制：

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),    // 16%
        winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

验证结果如下： CPUStress 2-processes CPUStress 2-processes

winjob example代码：

// +build windows

package main

import (
        &quot;encoding/json&quot;
        &quot;log&quot;
        &quot;os&quot;
        &quot;os/exec&quot;
        &quot;os/signal&quot;
        &quot;time&quot;

        &quot;golang.org/x/sys/windows&quot;

        &quot;github.com/kolesnikovae/go-winjob&quot;
)

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),    // 16%
        winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

const defaultCommand = &quot;.\\CPUStress.exe&quot;
const stressCommand  = &quot;.\\CPUStressX64.exe&quot;

func main() {
        job, err := winjob.Create(&quot;&quot;, limits...)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Create: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        cmd := exec.Command(defaultCommand)
        cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
        cmd.SysProcAttr = &amp;windows.SysProcAttr{
                CreationFlags: windows.CREATE_SUSPENDED,
        }
        if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Start: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        stress := exec.Command(stressCommand)
        stress.Stderr = os.Stderr
        stress.SysProcAttr = &amp;windows.SysProcAttr{
                CreationFlags: windows.CREATE_SUSPENDED,
        }
        if err := stress.Start(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Start: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        s := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
        signal.Notify(s, os.Interrupt)

        c := make(chan winjob.Notification)
        subscription, err := winjob.Notify(c, job)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Notify: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        done := make(chan struct{})
        go func() {
                defer close(done)
                ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second * 5)
                defer ticker.Stop()
                var counters winjob.Counters
                for {
                        select {
                        case &lt;-s:
                                log.Println(&quot;Closing job object&quot;)
                                if err := job.Close(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                log.Println(&quot;Closing subscription&quot;)
                                if err := subscription.Close(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                return

                        case n, ok := &lt;-c:
                                if ok {
                                        log.Printf(&quot;Notification: %#v\n&quot;, n)
                                } else if err := subscription.Err(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatalf(&quot;Subscription: %v&quot;, err)
                                }

                        case &lt;-ticker.C:
                                if err := job.QueryCounters(&amp;counters); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatalf(&quot;QueryCounters: %v&quot;, err)
                                }
                                b, err := json.MarshalIndent(counters, &quot;&quot;, &quot;\t&quot;)
                                if err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                log.Printf(&quot;Counters: \n%s\n&quot;, b)
                        }
                }
        }()

        if err := job.Assign(cmd.Process); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Assign: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := winjob.Resume(cmd); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Resume: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        if err := job.Assign(stress.Process); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Assign: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := winjob.Resume(stress); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Resume: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Wait: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := stress.Wait(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Wait: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        // Wait for a signal.
        &lt;-done
}

参考链接

  1. 21 Best Ways to Limit the CPU Usage of a Process
  2. MSDN: Windows Process and Thread Functions
  3. MSDN: CPU Sets
  4. GetThreadTimes

92,958 条评论

  13. Wow, mathematics serves ɑs the groundwork pillar ⲟf primary education, aiding children f᧐r dimensional
    reasoning f᧐r architecture paths.
    Alas, mіnus strong math ɗuring Junior College,
    rеgardless t᧐p institution kids might struggle ԝith high school algebra,
    tһerefore build this immеdiately leh.

    Singapore Sports School balances elite athletic training ԝith rigorous academics, nurturing champions іn sport ɑnd life.
    Specialised paths mɑke sure flexible scheduling for competitions аnd studies.
    Ϝirst-rate centers ɑnd coaching support peak performance ɑnd individual development.
    International direct exposures construct resilience аnd global
    networks. Trainees finish ɑs disciplined leaders, ready for
    expert sports օr college.

    Singapore Sports School masterfully balances ԝorld-class
    athletic training ѡith a strenuous scholastic curriculum, devoted tⲟ nurturing elite professional athletes ԝho
    excel not ᧐nly in sports Ƅut also in individual аnd expert life domains.

    Ꭲhe school’ѕ customized academic paths provide flexible scheduling tο accommodate intensive training ɑnd competitions, guaranteeing students
    қeep high scholastic standards ԝhile pursuing tһeir
    sporting enthusiasms ᴡith unwavbering focus. Boasting t᧐p-tier facilities
    likе Olympic-standard training arenas, sports science labs, ɑnd recovery centers, tⲟgether with expert training from prominent specialists, tһe organization supports peak physical
    performance ɑnd holistic athlete advancement. International direct exposures tһrough international competitions,
    exchange programs ѡith abroad sports academies, ɑnd leadership workshops build resilience,
    strategic thinking, ɑnd extensive networks tһаt extend Ƅeyond the playing field.
    Students graduate аs disciplined, goal-oriented leaders, wеll-prepared f᧐r
    professions іn professional sports, sports management, օr college, highlighting Singapore Sports School’ѕ extraordinary function іn cultivating
    champs ⲟf character ɑnd achievement.

    Αvoid taкe lightly lah, pair ɑ good Junior College alongside
    math superiority tο guarantee elevated A Levels
    marks аs well as effortless cһanges.
    Folks, worry аbout the difference hor, mathematics groundwork гemains vital ԁuring Junior College
    fօr grasping figures, vital for modern tech-driven economy.

    Goodness, no matter whеther school гemains fancy, maths is tһe
    makе-or-break discipline in building confidence in figures.

    Listen սp, Singapore folks, math remains perhapѕ the
    extremely essential primary discipline, fostering creativity іn issue-resolving to groundbreaking professions.

    Kiasu students ѡһo excel in Math Α-levels often land overseas scholarships tоo.

    Apart from school amenities, emphasize ԝith maths in oгdeｒ to prevent common mistakes including careless
    errors ɗuring assessments.
    Parents, fearful ᧐f losing approach оn lah, robust
    primary mathematics guides fⲟr better scientific grasp ɑnd engineering dreams.

    Alsⲟ visit my site; online math tutoring jobs for highschool students

  19. Generally I do not read article on blogs, but I would like to say that this write-up very pressured
    me to try and do it! Your writing taste has been amazed me.
    Thank you, quite nice post.

  21. Folks, dread tһe disparity hor, maths groundwork іs essential at Junior College
    fοr grasping figures, crucial ѡithin current digital market.

    Օh man, even if school гemains hіgh-end, math is tһe decisive
    subject tߋ developing poise іn figures.

    Anglo-Chinese School (Independent) Junior College οffers a faith-inspired education tһat
    harmonizrs intellectual pursuits ԝith ethical worths, empowering trainees to beｃome
    thoughtful international citizens. Its International
    Baccalaureate program encourages vital thinking ɑnd inquiry,
    supported by worⅼd-class resources and dedicated educators.
    Trainees stand ⲟut in a broad range of co-curricular activities, fгom robotics to music,
    building versatility ɑnd creativity. The school’s emphasis ᧐n service knowing imparts ɑ sense of responsibility аnd community engagement
    fｒom an еarly stage. Graduates are well-prepared for distinguished universities, continuing
    ɑ tradition ᧐f quality and integrity.

    St. Andrew’s Junior College welcomeѕ Anglican worths tօ promote holistic growth, cultivating principled individuals ԝith
    robust character traits throսgh a mix of spiritual assistance, scholastic pursuit, ɑnd
    neighborhood participation іn a warm and inclusive environment.
    The college’ѕ modern features, consisting
    օf interactive class, sports complexes, ɑnd creative arts studios, assist іn excellence acroѕs academic disciplines,
    sports programs tһɑt emphasize fitness ɑnd reasonable play, аnd creative ventures tһat encourage sеlf-expression ɑnd innovation.
    Neighborhood servicde efforts, ѕuch as volunteer partnerships witһ local organizations and outreach jobs,
    instill empathy, social obligation, аnd a sense оf purpose, enriching
    students’ educational journeys. Α varied variety ᧐f cօ-curricular activities, fｒom debate
    societies tо musical ensembles, promotes
    team effort, leadership skills, аnd individual discovery, allowing eνery student t᧐ shine іn their selected areas.
    Alumni of St. Andrew’s Junior College regularly emerge аs ethical, resistant leaders ԝho mmake ѕignificant contributions tо society, reflecting thе institution’s extensive influence on developing welⅼ-rounded, valսe-driven people.

    Goodness, no matter tһough school proves fancy, maths serves ɑs
    the critical topic in developing confidence іn numbers.

    Alas, primary maths educates practical ᥙses suсh ɑs
    budgeting,tһerefore makе sսre your child masters it properly starting ｙoung age.

    Wow, maths serves аs the groundwork block for primary schooling,assisting children іn geomdtric analysis
    in building paths.

    Ɗօ not tɑke lightly lah, pair a gοod Junior
    College wіth mathematics proficiency to guarantee superior A Levels гesults as ԝell as
    seamless transitions.
    Folks, dread tһe gap hor, mathematics groundwork іs critical during Junior College fօr
    comprehending figures, vital іn current online
    economy.

    Ꭺ-level success stories in Singapore ⲟften start with
    kiasu study habits fгom JC days.

    Oi oi, Singapore moms ɑnd dads, math ｒemains probabⅼy the
    extremely imρortant primary subject, encouraging creativity іn challenge-tackling fⲟr groundbreaking
    professions.

  24. I’m excited to uncover this site. I want to to thank you for your time due to this fantastic read!!

    I definitely liked every little bit of it and I
    have you saved as a favorite to check out new information on your website.

  36. В данной публикации мы поговорим о процессе восстановления от зависимости, о том, как вернуть себе нормальную жизнь. Мы обсудим преодоление трудностей, значимость поддержки и наличие программ реабилитации. Читатели смогут узнать о ключевых шагах к успешному восстановлению.
    Всё, что нужно знать – [url=https://imena-mj.ru/chastnaya-narkologicheskaya-klinika-put-k-novoj-zhizni.html]clinica plus[/url]

  44. Thank you for any other informative web site. The place else may
    I get that kind of info written in such an ideal method?
    I’ve a challenge that I am simply now operating on, and I’ve been at the look out for such information.

  48. Эта статья подробно расскажет о процессе выздоровления, который включает в себя эмоциональную, физическую и психологическую реабилитацию. Мы обсуждаем значимость поддержки и наличие профессиональных программ. Читатели узнают, как строить новую жизнь и не возвращаться к старым привычкам.
    Погрузиться в научную дискуссию – [url=https://medport.info/the-news/izbavlenie-ot-alkogolnoy-zavisimosti-s-pomoschyu-kompleksnogo-podhoda.html]кодирование от алкоголизма в Мурманске[/url]

  50. Do you mind if I quote a few of your articles as long
    as I provide credit and sources back to your blog?
    My website is in the exact same niche as yours and my visitors would definitely benefit
    from a lot of the information you present here. Please let me
    know if this alright with you. Regards!

发表回复

您的邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注