Windows进程CPU、内存等资源限制

Windows自身没有提供类似Linux cgroup的能力来限制进程或进程组的资源占用,进程CPU/IO/内存/网络等资源的控制只能由自己实现。目前已有第三方的实现,主要是限制进程CPU的占用,如文档 < 21 Best Ways to Limit the CPU Usage of a Process > 所描述的BES,Process Tamer等软件。自Windows 8及Server 2012开始Windows系统有提供以job为单位的CPU占用及内存上限设置,之前的版本则只能以进程或线程为单位进行限制。

进程CPU占用限制方案

即时轮询系统所有进程(线程)的CPU占用,当发现所设定进程有超标时强制暂停进程所有线程的执行,然后在适当的时机再恢复执行。其中所涉及技术点:

进程CPU占用查询 GetProcessTimes

BOOL GetProcessTimes(
  [in]  HANDLE     hProcess,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpExitTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpUserTime
);

此函数可以获取进程从创建至当前的总运行时间及总的CPU时间,(KernelTime + UserTime) < 系统CPU数 * (当前时间 - CreationTime)

线程CPU占用查询 GetThreadTimes

BOOL GetThreadTimes(
  [in]  HANDLE     hThread,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpExitTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
  [out] LPFILETIME lpUserTime
);

QueryThreadCycleTime可以提供更精准的CPU时间数据,单位为CPU时钟周期

BOOL QueryThreadCycleTime(
  [in]  HANDLE   ThreadHandle,
  [out] PULONG64 CycleTime
);

线程暂停及恢复

Windows平台没有提供暂停整个进程的支持函数,只能以线程为单位来操作,即SuspendThread及ResumeThread:

DWORD SuspendThread(
  [in] HANDLE hThread
);
DWORD ResumeThread(
  [in] HANDLE hThread
);

CPU亲和性设置: SetProcessAffinityMask

BOOL SetProcessAffinityMask(
  [in] HANDLE    hProcess,
  [in] DWORD_PTR dwProcessAffinityMask
);

此函数可以限定进程及其所有线程所能使用的CPU,故一定程序上亦限定了进程最大的系统CPU占用率。

DWORD_PTR SetThreadAffinityMask(
  [in] HANDLE    hThread,
  [in] DWORD_PTR dwThreadAffinityMask
);

此函数可单独限制特定线程的CPU亲和性。

进程优先级设置: SetPriorityClass

优先级解决的是优先运行及退让CPU的问题,本质上并不能限定CPU占用,只是优先级高于当前任务的忙碌的时候,当前进程会主动退让CPU 线程优先级设置:SetThreadPriority

BOOL SetThreadPriority(
  [in] HANDLE hThread,
  [in] int    nPriority
);

Job Objects

Windows系统提供了Job的概念用以管理多个进程,可以限制Job对象内所有进程及期线程的CPU核心占用、CPU占用及内存分配上限等,均通过SetInformationJobObject来实现,具体的CPU限制由JOBOBJECT_CPU_RATE_CONTROL_INFORMATION管理,内存限制则由JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION来管理。

BOOL SetInformationJobObject(
  [in] HANDLE             hJob,
  [in] JOBOBJECTINFOCLASS JobObjectInformationClass,
  [in] LPVOID             lpJobObjectInformation,
  [in] DWORD              cbJobObjectInformationLength
);

需要注意的是CPU占用设置只有Windows 8及Server 2012之后的版本有效。

CPU Sets

此部分只限定了CPU Affinity属性

实验验证

可以直接利用开源项目go-winjob验证,验证系统Windows 8 x64,go-winjob git repo: https://github.com/kolesnikovae/go-winjob

验证程序

#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        unsigned long total = 0, count = 0, i = 0;

        while (1) {
                if (malloc(1024)) {
                        total += 1024;
                        count++;
                }
                if (!(++i &amp; 4095))
                        printf(&quot;alloc: %u size: %u bytes\n&quot;, count, total);
    }
}

无限制

在无限制的情况下,此进程会占满一个CPU核心,commit内存总占用达2G CPUStress unlimited

单一进程

在设定CPU上限16%及内存16M上限之后,结果如下: CPUStress single process examples/job_object.go按如下修改:

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),        // 16%
        winjob.WithProcessMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

const defaultCommand = &quot;.\\CPUStress.exe&quot;

多进程(双进程)

将winjob.WithProcessMemoryLimit 改为 winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit,后者表示此job内所有进程要占用的总内存限制:

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),    // 16%
        winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

验证结果如下: CPUStress 2-processes CPUStress 2-processes

winjob example代码:

// +build windows

package main

import (
        &quot;encoding/json&quot;
        &quot;log&quot;
        &quot;os&quot;
        &quot;os/exec&quot;
        &quot;os/signal&quot;
        &quot;time&quot;

        &quot;golang.org/x/sys/windows&quot;

        &quot;github.com/kolesnikovae/go-winjob&quot;
)

var limits = []winjob.Limit{
        winjob.WithBreakawayOK(),
        winjob.WithKillOnJobClose(),
        winjob.WithActiveProcessLimit(3),
        winjob.WithProcessTimeLimit(10 * time.Second),
        winjob.WithCPUHardCapLimit(1600),    // 16%
        winjob.WithJobMemoryLimit(16 &lt;&lt; 20), // 16MB
        winjob.WithWriteClipboardLimit(),
}

const defaultCommand = &quot;.\\CPUStress.exe&quot;
const stressCommand  = &quot;.\\CPUStressX64.exe&quot;

func main() {
        job, err := winjob.Create(&quot;&quot;, limits...)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Create: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        cmd := exec.Command(defaultCommand)
        cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
        cmd.SysProcAttr = &amp;windows.SysProcAttr{
                CreationFlags: windows.CREATE_SUSPENDED,
        }
        if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Start: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        stress := exec.Command(stressCommand)
        stress.Stderr = os.Stderr
        stress.SysProcAttr = &amp;windows.SysProcAttr{
                CreationFlags: windows.CREATE_SUSPENDED,
        }
        if err := stress.Start(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Start: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        s := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
        signal.Notify(s, os.Interrupt)

        c := make(chan winjob.Notification)
        subscription, err := winjob.Notify(c, job)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Notify: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        done := make(chan struct{})
        go func() {
                defer close(done)
                ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second * 5)
                defer ticker.Stop()
                var counters winjob.Counters
                for {
                        select {
                        case &lt;-s:
                                log.Println(&quot;Closing job object&quot;)
                                if err := job.Close(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                log.Println(&quot;Closing subscription&quot;)
                                if err := subscription.Close(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                return

                        case n, ok := &lt;-c:
                                if ok {
                                        log.Printf(&quot;Notification: %#v\n&quot;, n)
                                } else if err := subscription.Err(); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatalf(&quot;Subscription: %v&quot;, err)
                                }

                        case &lt;-ticker.C:
                                if err := job.QueryCounters(&amp;counters); err != nil {
                                        log.Fatalf(&quot;QueryCounters: %v&quot;, err)
                                }
                                b, err := json.MarshalIndent(counters, &quot;&quot;, &quot;\t&quot;)
                                if err != nil {
                                        log.Fatal(err)
                                }
                                log.Printf(&quot;Counters: \n%s\n&quot;, b)
                        }
                }
        }()

        if err := job.Assign(cmd.Process); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Assign: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := winjob.Resume(cmd); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Resume: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        if err := job.Assign(stress.Process); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Assign: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := winjob.Resume(stress); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Resume: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Wait: %v&quot;, err)
        }
        if err := stress.Wait(); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf(&quot;Wait: %v&quot;, err)
        }

        // Wait for a signal.
        &lt;-done
}

参考链接

  1. 21 Best Ways to Limit the CPU Usage of a Process
  2. MSDN: Windows Process and Thread Functions
  3. MSDN: CPU Sets
  4. GetThreadTimes

93,057 条评论

  1. LUCKY88 là nền tảng giải trí trực tuyến được phát triển theo hướng hiện đại, ổn định và thân thiện với người dùng. Website tạo ấn tượng nhờ giao diện rõ ràng, tốc độ truy cập nhanh và khả năng hiển thị mượt mà trên nhiều thiết bị khác nhau bbc

  2. Эта публикация посвящена актуальным вопросам современной медицины и здравоохранения. Мы обсудим новейшие технологии диагностики и лечения, а также их влияние на продолжительность и качество жизни. Читатель найдет здесь информацию о научных исследованиях и перспективных разработках, доступно изложенную для широкой аудитории.
    Желаете узнать подробности? – [url=https://clever-lady.ru/health/disease/vsjo-o-vyvode-iz-zapoja-na-domu.html]стоп алко краснодар[/url]

  3. RED88 là website giải trí trực tuyến được phát triển nhằm mang đến trải nghiệm ổn định, nhanh chóng và thân thiện cho người dùng bbc

  4. SKY88 là website giải trí trực tuyến được xây dựng nhằm mang lại trải nghiệm nhanh, tiện lợi và dễ tiếp cận cho người dùng. Nền tảng nổi bật với giao diện thân thiện, tốc độ tải ổn định và hệ thống vận hành mượt mà trên cả máy tính lẫn thiết bị di động bbc

  5. RED88 là nền tảng giải trí trực tuyến được định hướng theo phong cách hiện đại, chú trọng sự tiện lợi và khả năng vận hành ổn định bbc

  6. Проблема зависимости от алкоголя, наркотиков и азартных игр остается одной из наиболее острых в современном обществе. Эти состояния оказывают значительное воздействие не только на здоровье самого человека, но и на его семью, друзей и общественные связи. Наркологическая клиника “Восстановление души” предлагает широкий спектр услуг для тех, кто борется с различными формами зависимости, такими как алкоголизм, наркомания и игромания. Наша цель — предоставить комплексный подход к лечению, что обеспечивает высокие показатели успешности среди наших пациентов.
    Углубиться в тему – [url=https://kapelnica-ot-zapoya-irkutsk2.ru/]капельница от запоя анонимно иркутск[/url]

  7. В этом обзоре мы обсудим современные методы борьбы с зависимостями, включая медикаментозную терапию и психотерапию. Мы представим последние исследования и их результаты, чтобы читатели могли быть в курсе наиболее эффективных подходов к лечению и поддержке.
    Раскрыть тему полностью – [url=https://prokoleni.ru/lechenie/sposoby-vyvoda-iz-zapoya-na-domu]Наркологическая клиника «Похмельная служба» в Краснодаре.[/url]

  8. Singapore’s leading furniture store and expansive furniture
    showroom is your ultimate one-ѕtop destination fоr premium һome furnishings аnd thoughtful furniture fоr HDB interior design. Ꮃe provide
    stylish аnd affordable solutions enriched ѡith furniture promotions, sofa promotions аnd
    Singapore furniture sale ߋffers fοr everу Singapore һome.
    Tһe importаnce of furniture іn interior design becօmes even clearer ᴡhen buying furniture fߋr HDB interior design — select space-efficient sofas, premium mattresses, queen bed frames, ergonomic study desks and elegant coffee
    tables ᴡhile foⅼlowing practical tips to buy quality bed framе,
    quality sofa bed аnd quality coffee table.
    Ꮃhether you’re refreshing yоur living room furniture Singapore, bedroom furniture Singapore оr dining r᧐om furniture
    Singapore ԝith the latest affordable HDB furniture Singapore, οur
    thoughtfully curated collections merge contemporary design,
    superior comfort аnd lasting durability to creɑte beautiful,
    functional living spaces that suit modern lifestyles аcross Singapore.

    At Singapore’s premier furniture store аnd comprehensive furniture showroom, discover уouг ultimate one-ѕtop shop
    for quality һome furnishings and clever furniture for HDB interior design Singapore.
    Ԝe deliver chic and budget-friendly solutions filled ᴡith exciting furniture promotions, coffee table promotions аnd
    Singapore furniture sale offеrs for evеry Singapore residence.
    Τhe impoгtance of furniture іn interior design shines brightest ᴡhen uying furniture fоr HDB
    interior design — choose space-saving living гoom sofas,
    premim mattresses оf aⅼl sizes, storage bed fгames, ergonomic study desks аnd
    elegant coffee tables whіle applying smart tips tⲟ buy quality bed frаme, quality sofa bed annd
    quality coffee table tⲟ ϲreate harmonious, functional homes.
    Ԝhether yoս’re updating your HDB living room furniture, bedroom furniture Singapore оr study
    roоm furniture usіng thе lateѕt furniture promotions, ⲟur carefully chosen collections blend contemporary design, superior comfort аnd exceptional durability іnto beautiful, functional living spaces tһat match modern Singapore homes.

    Aѕ yoᥙr ցo-to Singapore furniture store and
    comprehensive furniture showroom, ᴡe serve aѕ the ultimate оne-stop shop fοr quality home furnishings аnd effective furniture fоr HDB interior design in Singapore.
    Ꮤe bгing stylish ɑnd budget-friendly solutins throսgh
    exciting furniture deals, mattress promotions аnd Singapore furniture sale ᧐ffers
    tailored to еvery HDB hօme. Mastering the importance
    of furniture in interior design ᴡhile buying furniture fⲟr HDB interior design ⅼets you choose the perfect mix of living
    гoom sofas, quality mattresses, storage bed frames, functional сomputer desks and stylish coffee tables uѕing proven tips t᧐ buy quality bed fгame,
    quality sofa bed and quality coffee table. Ꮤhether transforming уⲟur HDB living room furniture, bedroom furniture Singapore οr
    study ᴡith the lɑtest furniture sale offers and affordable HDB
    furniture Singapore, оur thoughtfully curated collections combine contemporary design, superior comfort аnd lasting durability to create
    beautiful, functioonal living spaces perfect fоr modern Singapore lifestyles.

    Singapore’ѕ leading furniture store аnd largе-scale furniture showroom
    ߋffers the ideal οne-stop shop experience fоr premium mattresses.
    Ꮃe deliver stylish ɑnd affordable solutions ѡith exciting furniture
    оffers, mattress deals ɑnd Singapore furniture sale օffers made foг every Singapore homе.
    Thе importance օf furniture іn interior design guides evеry
    decision ᴡhen buying furniture for HDB interior design — fгom king size natural latex mattresses ɑnd
    queen size gel memory foam matttresses tօ single size firm pocket spring mattresses аnd ergonomic hybrid mattresses tһat perfectly balance comfort ɑnd practicality.
    Ꮃhether you’rе refreshing your Singapore bedroom furniture ԝith the latest furniture deals, ⲟur thoughtfully curated collections combine contemporary design,
    superior comfort аnd lasting durability tо create beautiful, functional living spaces
    tһat suit modern lifestyles ɑcross Singapore.

    At Singapore’s leading furniture store аnd large furniture
    showroom, discover уour ideal one-ѕtop shop fοr quality
    sofas Singapore. We deliver trendy аnd budget-friendly solutions filled
    ԝith exciting furniture promotions, sofa deals ɑnd Singapore furniture sale offers for
    every Singapore residence. Tһe іmportance օf furniture in interior design іs
    evident ᴡhen buying furniture f᧐r HDB interior design —
    select tһe ideal sofas including L-shaped sectional sofas ѡith
    storage, premium leather corner sofas, plush fabric recliners ɑnd versatile modular
    sofas tһat enhance living гoom comfort аnd space efficiency.

    Whetһer you’re updating yoᥙr living rⲟom furniture Singapore ᥙsing
    tһe latеѕt furniture sale offers, oսr carefully chosen collections blend contemporary design, supertior comfort аnd exceptional
    durability іnto beautiful, functional living spaces tһat
    match modern Singapore homes.

    Ꭺlso visit my web site – hydraulic storage bed frame singapore

  9. Hi! I realize this is somewhat off-topic however I needed to ask. Does managing a well-established website like yours require a massive amount work? I am completely new to operating a blog but I do write in my diary every day. I’d like to start a blog so I can easily share my experience and thoughts online. Please let me know if you have any kind of ideas or tips for new aspiring bloggers. Appreciate it!
    Xxx video onlyfans sex video site

  10. Публикация знакомит читателей с различными подходами к реабилитации. От традиционных методов до современных программ — вы узнаете, как выбрать оптимальный путь к выздоровлению и преодолеть препятствия на этом пути.
    Связаться за уточнением – [url=https://o-privivkah.ru/pohmelnaya-sluzhba-v-krasnodare-professionalnaya-pomoshh-narkologicheskoj-kliniki-dlya-borby-s-alkogolnoj-zavisimostyu/]Похмельная служба Краснодар[/url]

  11. SKY88 là nền tảng giải trí trực tuyến được phát triển theo hướng hiện đại, chú trọng tốc độ truy cập và sự ổn định trong quá trình sử dụng. Website mang đến giao diện rõ ràng, bố cục dễ quan sát và khả năng tương thích tốt trên nhiều thiết bị khác nhau bbc

  12. SKY88 là website giải trí trực tuyến được phát triển theo hướng thân thiện, dễ tiếp cận và tối ưu cho quá trình sử dụng hằng ngày. Nền tảng nổi bật với tốc độ tải nhanh, giao diện gọn gàng và khả năng hiển thị ổn định trên cả máy tính lẫn thiết bị di động bbc

  13. Эти действия помогают быстро восстановить водно-электролитный баланс и снизить нагрузку на внутренние органы. После проведения процедур врач дает рекомендации по дальнейшему наблюдению и реабилитации.
    Углубиться в тему – [url=https://narcolog-na-dom-kaliningrad00.ru/]нарколог на дом цены в калининграде[/url]

  14. В этой статье рассматривается комплексный подход к избавлению от зависимости. Читатель узнает, как сочетание физического, психологического и духовного восстановления помогает достичь стойкого выздоровления.
    Не упусти важное! – [url=https://mirlady.org/put-k-vyzdorovleniyu-izuchenie-uslug-sovremennoj-narkologicheskoj-kliniki/]стоп алко[/url]

  15. Современная реабилитация 12 шагов может сочетаться с медицинской помощью, если пациент находится в тяжелом состоянии. При интоксикации, запое, похмелье, ломке, тревоге, бессоннице, психозе, депрессии, употреблении наркотиков или алкоголя сначала может потребоваться нарколог, врач, психиатр, стационар, капельница, детоксикация, УБОД по показаниям или медикаментозное лечение. После стабилизации начинается реабилитационный процесс, где главный акцент делается на понимании зависимости, честности, ответственности, группе и новой системе жизни.
    Ознакомиться с деталями – [url=https://reabilitaciya-12-shagov-moskva13-1.ru/]programma-12-shagov[/url]

发表回复

您的邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注