{"id":1695,"date":"2021-02-01T22:20:18","date_gmt":"2021-02-01T14:20:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.dynox.cn\/?p=1695"},"modified":"2023-08-07T15:02:40","modified_gmt":"2023-08-07T07:02:40","slug":"linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8-%e5%85%a5%e4%be%b5%e6%a3%80%e6%b5%8b%e4%b8%8e%e9%98%b2%e6%8a%a4%e6%80%9d%e8%b7%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.dynox.cn\/?p=1695","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168-\u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u9632\u62a4\u601d\u8def"},"content":{"rendered":"

1 \u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u7b80\u4ecb\u53ca\u73b0\u72b6\u5206\u6790<\/h1>\n

\u4e3b\u673a\u5b89\u5168\u6d89\u53ca\u9632\u5fa1\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7eb5\u6df1\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u7e41\u591a\uff0c\u5982\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001WAF\u3001RASP\u3001IDS\u3001IPS\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3001\u75c5\u6bd2\u6740\u6bd2\u3001\u8865\u4e01\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5b89\u8fd0\u4e0e\u5b89\u670d\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u5355\u70b9\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u9632\u5fa1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u653b\u51fb\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u672c\u5730\u63d0\u6743\u3001rootkit\u9632\u62a4\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8eLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f53\u7cfb\u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\u4ee5X86\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u517c\u987eARM64\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u662fIntel XEON\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b\u5e94\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u53ca\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u82db\u523b\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u8fbe\u6210\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

2 \u6838\u5fc3\u9700\u6c42<\/h1>\n
    \n
  1. \u5b9e\u73b0\u5165\u4fb5\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u9632\u62a4\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u670d\u52a1\u5b89\u5168<\/li>\n
  2. \u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u517c\u987e\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ece\u68c0\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u53ca\u9632\u62a4\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u7740\u624b\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a5\u8fd1\u5e76\u8fbe\u6210\u53cd\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u505a\u597d\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n

    3 \u653b\u51fb\u8def\u5f84<\/h1>\n

    \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u884c\u4e3a\u5747\u53ef\u5206\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u626b\u63cf\u63a2\u6d4b\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u626b\u63cf\u3001\u793e\u5de5\u6216\u9493\u9c7c\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u4e3b\u673a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\u7b49<\/li>\n
    2. \u6f0f\u6d1e\u89e6\u53d1\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f0f\u6d1e\u6216\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u8d77\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u524d\u671f\u653b\u51fb\u529e\u80fd\u642d\u8f7d\u8f83\u8f7b\u91cf\u7684payload<\/li>\n
    3. \u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff1a\u6210\u529f\u89e6\u53d1\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5e76\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86RCE (shellcode\u6267\u884c)\u6216\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86shell\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u5982\u6316\u77ff\u3001\u52d2\u7d22\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n
    4. \u4e3b\u4f53\u6267\u884c\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u65b0\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5982\u6316\u77ff\u3001\u52d2\u7d22\u3001\u6a2a\u5411\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u63d0\u6743\u6216\u6301\u4e45\u5316<\/li>\n
    5. \u672c\u5730\u63d0\u6743\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7ec4\u5408\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u6709\u96be\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e14\u5e76\u975e\u5fc5\u9700\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u653b\u51fb\u610f\u56fe\u51b3\u5b9a<\/li>\n
    6. \u540e\u95e8\u56fa\u5316\uff1a\u5373\u6301\u4e45\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u9690\u85cf\u81ea\u8eab\u6216\u4f2a\u88c5\u3001\u6df7\u6dc6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u5728\u4e3b\u673a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5355\u70b9\u4e0a\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u5c11\u5173\u8054\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u201c\u626b\u63cf\u63a2\u6d4b\u201d\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u6709\u9650\u5e94\u5bf9\uff0c\u5982\u5f31\u5bc6\u7801\u7206\u7834\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u590d\u6742\u573a\u666f\u9700\u8981\u6c47\u96c6\u7ec8\u7aef\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7efc\u5408\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u4f5c\u5224\u5b9a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u89e6\u53d1\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u672a\u77e50DAY\u6f0f\u6d1e\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u56de\u907f\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u597d\u5728\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u7aef\u5747\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u5224\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u610f\u56fe\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u80fd\u8fbe\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd8\u662f\u5c11\u4e4b\u53c8\u5c11\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u591a\u6570\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u653b\u51fb\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u96be\u70b9\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u5bf9\uff1a\u53ef\u7591\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u672a\u77e5\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u53ef\u7591\u653b\u51fb\u90e8\u5206\u6bd5\u7adf\u6709\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5b9a\u51fa\u8f83\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a6c\u4e0a\u7740\u624b\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u6587\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

      4 \u53ef\u7591\u653b\u51fb<\/h1>\n

      \u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5f53\u524dHIDS\u7684\u8865\u5145\u548c\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u67094\u7c7b\u68c0\u6d4b\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u601d\u8def\u90e8\u5206\u5148\u505a\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u7b49\u5546\u5b9a\u540e\u518d\u505a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8be6\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

      4.1 \u653b\u51fb\u68c0\u6d4b<\/h3>\n

      4.1.1 CPU\u5173\u952e\u63a7\u5236\u4f4d<\/h3>\n

      \u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9CPU\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c55\u5f00\u653b\u51fb\u6216\u6269\u5927\u6210\u679c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5173\u95ed\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. MSR\u5bc4\u4ef6\u5668EFER.NXE\u4f4d\uff1a\u5373DEP\/NX\u4f4d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u533a\u9632\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u672c\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5f00\u542f\uff0cLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7grub\u7684kernel\u53c2\u6570\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4ea6\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539MSI\u5bc4\u5b58Extended Feature Enable Register (EFER)\u7684Bit 11\u8c03\u8282\u3002EFER\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8eMSR\u7684C0000080H\u5904\u3002<\/li>\n
      2. CR4.SMEP\u4f4d\uff1aSupervisor Mode Execution Prevention\uff0c\u6b64\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u963b\u6b62\u5185\u6838\u7279\u6743\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u7528\u6237\u5c42\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u963b\u6b62ret2usr\u7c7b\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/li>\n
      3. CR4.SMAP\u4f4d\uff1aSupervisor Mode Access Prevention\uff0c\u914d\u5408EFLAGS\u7684AC\u4f4d\u53ef\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5185\u6838\u7279\u6743\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7528\u6237\u5c42\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5728\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7528\u6237\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570copy_to\/from_user\u4f1a\u4e34\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6eEFLAGS\u7684AC\u4f4d\u3002\u6b64\u7279\u6027\u4eceLinux 3.7\u5f00\u59cb\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/li>\n
      4. CR4.TSD\u4f4d\uff1aTime Stamp Disable, \u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u65f6\u5e8f\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5982Meltdown\u53caSpectre\/MDS\u7b49\u9488\u5bf9CPU\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662frdtsc\u6216rdtscp\u6307\u4ee4\u4ee5\u7cbe\u51c6\u786e\u5b9aCPU cache\u662f\u5426\u547d\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n
      5. CR4.PCE\u4f4d\uff1a Performance-monitor Counter Enable\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3cTSD\uff0c\u4f46\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5982TSC\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        4.1.2 \u5185\u6838\u68c0\u67e5\u9879<\/h3>\n

        \u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5185\u6838\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ca\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5185\u6838\u6743\u9650:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u5185\u6838\u955c\u50cf\uff1a KIMAGE_VADDR\uff0c kpti\/kaslr\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n
        2. \u6838\u5fc3\u8868\u9879\uff1aidt\/syscall table\/shadow kernel<\/li>\n
        3. \u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u6620\u5c04\u533a\u57df\uff1aMODULES_VADDR - MODULES_END\uff0c3\u6761\u94fe\uff1amodule\/sysfs\/kobject<\/li>\n
        4. \u5173\u952e\u5185\u6838\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1afile\/dentry\/inode_operations\u7b49\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf(\u5305\u542b\/proc\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e38\u88abrootkit\u7be1\u6539\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u75c5\u6bd2\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49<\/li>\n
        5. \u5185\u6838\u901a\u77e5\u94fenotifier_chain: \u5185\u6838\u652f\u6301\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\uff0c\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6709module\u3001keyboard\u7b49\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0keylogger<\/li>\n
        6. \u7f51\u7edc\u9a71\u52a8netfilter\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u64cd\u4f5c\u8868\u9879<\/li>\n
        7. binfmt: \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u52a0\u8f7d\uff1aelf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u52a0\u8f7d\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          4.1.3 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u68c0\u67e5\u9879<\/h3>\n

          \u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u68c0\u6d4b\u9488\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684R3\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u68c0\u6d4b\uff1a\na) W + X \u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u533a\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9jit\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u5728\u8bef\u62a5\u53ef\u80fd\nb) \u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u533a\uff1a\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u3010REF1: ELF\u53cd\u5c04\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u3011\u81ea\u5c55\u5f00\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n
          2. VDSO\u53cavsyscall\u6620\u5c04\u533a\u57df\u9632\u7be1\u6539\u6821\u9a8c\uff1a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8eret2dir\u53caDirtyCow\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7PFN\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9HASH\u8fdb\u884c\u6821\u9a8c<\/li>\n
          3. \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5b89\u5168\u5c5e\u6027\u68c0\u6d4b\uff1a\na) LD_PRELOAD: \u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\nb) \u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u5982Apache\u63d2\u4ef6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6ce8\u5165\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1<\/li>\n
          4. task_struct\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u5982\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6743\u9650\u4fe1\u606f\uff1auid\/suid\/euid\/gid\/egid\/fsuid\/fsgid, cap_effective\/inheritable\/permitted\u7b49\uff0c\u5b9a\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u4efb\u610f\u5185\u5b58\u5199\u201d\u653b\u51fb\na) \u975e\u6cd5pid\u503c\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u975e\u6cd5pid\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u6210\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9690\u85cf\nb) \u7ebf\u7a0bStack Pointer\u68c0\u67e5 (Stack Pivot\u653b\u51fb)\uff0c\u96be\u70b9\u662f\uff1ago\/rust\/jit\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            4.1.4 \u9ad8\u5371\u8c03\u7528<\/h3>\n

            \u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\/\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\/\u6a21\u5757\u52a0\u8f7d\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u4e0eLinux LSM\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u70b9\u57fa\u672c\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u4ee54.4.131\u7684\u5185\u6838\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5171\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u8fbe198\u4e2a\u76d1\u63a7\u70b9\u56de\u8c03\uff0c\u8f83\u65b0\u76845.4.2\u5185\u6838\u5df2\u7ecf\u652f\u6301\u591a\u8fbe216\u76d1\u63a7\u56de\u8c03\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \u7c7b\u522b<\/strong><\/th>\n\u94a9\u5b50\u51fd\u6570\u4e2a\u6570<\/strong><\/th>\n\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            ptrace<\/td>\n2<\/td>\nptrace\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u80fd\u529b\u673a\u5236<\/td>\n3<\/td>\nCapabilities\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u78c1\u76d8\u914d\u989d<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n\u914d\u76d8\u914d\u989d\u7ba1\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u8d85\u7ea7\u5757<\/td>\n13<\/td>\nmount\/umount\/\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\/\u8d85\u7ea7\u5757\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            dentry<\/td>\n2<\/td>\ndentry\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\/\u8def\u5f84\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            inode<\/td>\n27<\/td>\ninode\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            file<\/td>\n13<\/td>\nfile\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u7a0b\u5e8f\u52a0\u8f7d<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            IPC<\/td>\n21<\/td>\nIPC\u6d88\u606f\/\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\/\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            proc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\n2<\/td>\nproc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u5b89\u5168\u5c5e\u6027<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u7f51\u7edc<\/td>\n37<\/td>\n\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            XFRM<\/td>\n11<\/td>\nXFRM\u67b6\u6784\u60f3\u8981\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u5bc6\u94a5<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u5ba1\u8ba1<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n\u5185\u6838\u5ba1\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Android Binder<\/td>\n4<\/td>\nAndroid Binder\u67b6\u6784\u6709\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u603b\u8ba1<\/strong><\/td>\n198<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u9879\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. prctl\uff1a \u8fdb\u7a0b\u9879\u8c03\u8282<\/li>\n
            2. ptrace\uff1a \u8c03\u8bd5<\/li>\n
            3. mmap\/mprotect (W+X)\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u3001\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/li>\n
            4. dlopen\/dlmopen\uff1a \u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u52a0\u8f7d<\/li>\n
            5. LKM\/module\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u9488\u5bf9modprobe_path\u7684\u68c0\u67e5<\/li>\n
            6. execve\/execveat\u7b49\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u4e3b\u3001\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u53ef\u589e\u52a0\u4e3b\u88ab\u52a8\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u4fa6\u6d4b\uff0c\u5982\u901a\u8fc7bash.readline\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7528\u6237\u624b\u52a8\u8f93\u5165<\/li>\n
            7. commit_creds\/setuid\/seteuid\/setegid...<\/li>\n
            8. chown\/chmod +s\/rename\/unlink\/link\u7b49\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              4.2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u601d\u8def\u7b80\u8ff0<\/h2>\n

              \u9700\u8981\u4e24\u79cd\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n

              4.2.1 \u5b9a\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\uff1aCPU\u53ca\u7eaf\u5185\u6838\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n

              \u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u9700\u8981\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5982hrtimer\/timer\u56de\u8c03\uff0c\u5ef6\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u5217(delayed workqueue)\u3001\u786c\u4ef6PMU\u6216Intel PT\u7b49\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u770b\u5ef6\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8db3\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540e\u671f\u5bf9\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\u53ef\u6539\u7528\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u65f6\u949f\uff08hrtimer\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u90fd\u662fLinux\u5185\u6838\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u666e\u9002\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u5185\u6838\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u91c7\u7528PMU\u6216PT\u7b49\u786c\u4ef6\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u673a\u5236\u8fd8\u80fd\u5e94\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e\u865a\u62df\u5316\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u3010REF3: HARDWARE-ASSISTED ROOTKITS\u3011\u53ca\u3010REF4: GhostHook \u2013 Bypassing PatchGuard with Processor Trace Based Hooking\u3011\u3002<\/p>\n

              4.2.2 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u68c0\u6d4b\uff1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n
                \n
              1. \u6a21\u5757\u52a0\u8f7d\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u901a\u77e5\u94fe\u6216kprobe\u76d1\u63a7\u70b9\u89e6\u53d1\uff0c\u5982LD_PRELOAD\u53camodprobe_path\u7b49\u9879\u76ee<\/li>\n
              2. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u68c0\u6d4b\uff1a\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\uff08trace_sched_switch\uff09,\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u7528\u5b8c\u88ab\u8c03\u8bd5\u51fa\u53bb\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4btask_struct\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\u9879\u76ee<\/li>\n
              3. \u9ad8\u5371\u8c03\u7528 <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u56de\u8c03\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u68c0\u6d4b\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u5c42\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8esoftirq\u7684hrtimer\u56de\u8c03\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u81f3workqueue\u6216\u79c1\u6709\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7eaf\u7528\u6237\u5c42\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7R3 HOOK\u3010REF2: TrustSec: LINUX: HOW\u2019S MY MEMORY\u3011\u6216uprobe\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08\u81eaLinux 3.8\u5f00\u59cb\u652f\u6301\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u5185\u6838\u6001\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u5165\u8fc7\u591a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

                5 \u672a\u77e5\u653b\u51fb<\/h1>\n

                \u9488\u5bf9\u672a\u77e5\u653b\u51fb\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u82db\u523b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u53ef\u4fe1\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u975e\u767d\u5373\u9ed1\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u53ef\u4fe1\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e1a\u754c\u516c\u53f8\u5e94\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6240\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u672a\u77e5\u653b\u51fb\u53ca\u5185\u5b58\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u601d\u8def\u4fbf\u9075\u5faa\u4e86\u975e\u767d\u5373\u9ed1\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u6e90\u53ef\u4fe1\u53ca\u53ef\u4fe1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

                5.1 \u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4fe1<\/h2>\n

                \u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4fe1\u6240\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\u6765\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u767d\u540d\u5355\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u7684IMA\/Integrity\u8fdb\u884c\u6765\u6e90\u63a7\u5236<\/li>\n
                2. \u9488\u5bf9ELF\u6587\u4ef6\u589e\u52a0\u65b0section\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5747\u8981\u505a\u6b64\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539elf\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d1\u5e03\u53ca\u6269\u6563\u73af\u8282\u90fd\u8981\u505a\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

                  5.2 \u6267\u884c\u53ef\u4fe1<\/h2>\n

                  \u6267\u884c\u53ef\u4fe1\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. \u6307\u4ee4\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u9632\u62a4\uff08CFI\uff09\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u751f\u6210\u6307\u4ee4\u65f6\u52a0\u5165\u5206\u652f\u6307\u4ee4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u5bf9\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u719f\uff0cgcc\u53callvm\u5747\u6709\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4f53\u91cf\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u8017\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u53ef\u63a7\u3002grSecurity\u7684RAP\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u3010REF5: grSecurity RAP\u3011<\/li>\n
                  2. \u5173\u952eAPI\u8c03\u7528\u5e8f\u5217\u9632\u62a4\uff1a\u5728API\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6267\u884c\u9632\u62a4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u9488\u5bf9\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u9759\u6001\u6216\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u6869\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u540cRASP\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6240\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6709\u3010REF6: BlackBox: Lightweight Security C Monitoring for COTS Binaries\u3011\u53ca\u3010REF7: Virsec Trusted Execution\u3011<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    5.3 \u811a\u672c\u9632\u62a4<\/h2>\n

                    Linux\u4e0b\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7e41\u591a\uff0c\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\uff0c\u53ef\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b9\u6848\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. \u7528\u884c\u4e3a\u6c99\u7bb1\u6216\u7c7bRASP\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u505a\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u5206\u6790<\/li>\n
                    2. \u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u6267\u884c\u7ba1\u63a7: \u5982\/tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u3001web\u670d\u52a1upload\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u65b0\u4e0a\u4f20\uff09\u811a\u672c\u9632\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u811a\u672c\u5e76\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n
                    3. \u5168\u91cf\u6536\u96c6\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u4eba\u5de5\u5206\u6790\u53ca\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5206\u7c7b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      6 \u5176\u5b83\u529f\u80fd<\/h1>\n

                      6.1 \u81ea\u4fdd\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u9632\u6740\u9632\u5378\u8f7d\n6.2 ARM64\u7b49\u65b0\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u652f\u6301\n6.3 \u4ee3\u7801\u4f18\u5316\u53ca\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347<\/p>\n

                      7 \u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5efa\u8bbe<\/h1>\n

                      \u5b89\u5168\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u5f3a\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u4e0e\u5173\u8054\uff1a<\/p>\n

                      7.1 \u884c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u53ca\u753b\u50cf\u5e93<\/h2>\n

                      \u5e38\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7ecf\u5e38\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u6765\u6e90ip\u7b49\u4e60\u60ef\u884c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

                      7.2 \u7a0b\u5e8f\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h2>\n

                      \u6240\u6709\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u3001\u811a\u672c\uff09\u53ca\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u3001\u6765\u6e90\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u73b0\u5728360\u3001\u817e\u8baf\u7b49\u516c\u53f8\u5747\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u6837\u672c\u5e93\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4ea6\u9002\u7528\u4e8eURL\/IP\u3001\u5a01\u80c1\u53ca\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7b49\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

                      8 \u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/h1>\n
                        \n
                      1. REF1: ELF\u53cd\u5c04\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668<\/a><\/li>\n
                      2. REF2: TrustSec: LINUX: HOW\u2019S MY MEMORY<\/a><\/li>\n
                      3. REF3: Hardware-Assisted Rootkits: Abusing Performance Counters on the ARM and x86 Architectures<\/a><\/li>\n
                      4. REF4: GhostHook \u2013 Bypassing PatchGuard with Processor Trace Based Hooking<\/a><\/li>\n
                      5. REF5: grSecurity RAP<\/a><\/li>\n
                      6. REF6: BlackBox: Lightweight Security C Monitoring for COTS Binaries<\/a><\/li>\n
                      7. REF7: Virsec Trusted Execution<\/a><\/li>\n
                      8. REF8: Integrity Measurement Architecture (IMA)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                        1 \u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u7b80\u4ecb\u53ca\u73b0\u72b6\u5206\u6790 \u4e3b\u673a\u5b89\u5168\u6d89\u53ca\u9632\u5fa1\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7eb5\u6df1\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u7e41\u591a\uff0c\u5982\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001WAF\u3001RASP\u3001IDS\u3001IPS\u3001 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[636,637,618,638,394,635,639],"views":1184,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.dynox.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1695"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.dynox.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.dynox.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.dynox.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.dynox.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1695"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blog.dynox.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1695\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1698,"href":"https:\/\/blog.dynox.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1695\/revisions\/1698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.dynox.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1695"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.dynox.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1695"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.dynox.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1695"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}